17. Communism as a new enemy (the Red Scare, the policy of containment and its demonstrations, Cold War).

What is the Red Scare?

= political propaganda to widespread the fear of potential rise of communism or anarchism

What is the Red Scare also know as?

McCartheism

what does the name red scare refers to?

to the red flag - a communist symbol

what did the red scare resulted in?

targeting of suspected communist sympathizers, including federal employees, Hollywood figures, and civil rights activists.

What was McCarthyism and who was Joseph McCarthy?

• it refers to the intense anti-communist sentiment and practices during the 1950s, named after Senator Joseph McCarthy.

• he used intimidation, and unfounded accusations to accuse people of being communist spies.

• His tactics led to fear, ruined careers, and restricted civil liberties during the Red Scare.

Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg?

American citizens convicted of espionage in 1951 for allegedly providing the Soviet Union with U.S. atomic secrets. → death penalty

why were the Rosenbergs important in the Red Scare?

Their case highlighted the fear of Soviet infiltration and espionage during the Cold War.

What was the policy of containment during the Cold War inspired by?

the long Telegraph

What was main goal of containment during the Cold War?

to stop spreading of communism around the world after WW2

what was the long telepgarh?

explained that US and SU will never be allies

truman doctorine

truman promised that US eill support free countires fighting against comunism

marshal plan

us gave 12 mil dollars to eastern europe after the war

it was meant to prevent countires from turnin gto communism for economic help

nato

• us + canada + western EU

• Its primary purpose was to counter Soviet influence by committing members to mutual defense in case of an attack.

what did CIA?

Collected data about soviet spies

What was the Cold War?

• A period of geopolitical tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from around 1947 to 1991

• no direct war between SU and US but were involved in proxy wars

What was the Berlin Blockade and the Berlin Airlift?

• In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin to try to force the Allies out.

• The Allies responded by organizing the Berlin Airlift, supplying West Berlin by air with over 250,000 flights, eventually forcing the Soviets to lift the blockade in 1949.

What caused the Korean War,?

north korea invaded south korea

supported by communism ( China + SU)

What was the outcome of Korean war?

he two Koreas remained divided. after Salins death

the second berlin crisis

SU wanted once again the west Berlin. SU had east berlin → people were leaving for better life in W berlin. → su didnt like that → they gave ulmitatum: buitl the Berlin wall

hat was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

• the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. coast, sparking a confrontation with the U.S.

• The U.S. responded by blockading Cuba

• After negotiations, the Soviets removed the missiles, and the U.S. secretly agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey.

What was the Vietnam War?

was a conflict between communist North Vietnam (supported by the Soviet Union and China) and non-communist South Vietnam (backed by the U.S.).

what started the vietman war?

U.S. intervention in 1964 following the Gulf of Tonkin incident.

who won the war of vietnam?

• North Vietnam’s victory

• it made communist Vietnam

What role did the CIA play during the Cold War?

• gathering intelligence on Soviet and communist activities worldwide.

• supported anti-communist movements in countries like Iran and Chile, and investigating communist influence inside the U.S.

How did the Cold War impact the U.S. economy?

• The Cold War drove significant government spending, particularly in defense and space exploration (e.g., NASA and the arms race).

• It also led to technological advancements, some of which were later adapted for civilian use, such as advancements in computing and aviation.

What was the role of the United Nations (UN) in the Cold War?

in the Korean War, where it authorized military action to support South Korea. (SU didnt vetoed here)

the UN was often hampered by the veto power of the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the Security Council, which made it difficult to resolve many Cold War issues peacefully.

How did the U.S. and the Soviet Union compete in the Space Race?

• Soviet Union: Launched the first satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, and sent the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space in 1961.

• United States: The U.S. landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969 with Apollo 11, marking a symbolic victory in the Space Race.