Psychological Perspectives Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards defining eight major psychological perspectives, including their primary focus areas and study methods as outlined in the lecture material.

Biological (Neuroscience) Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on brain structures, neurotransmitters, genetics, and physiology. It is studied through brain imaging, genetic studies, and medication effects (e.g., SSRIs).

Psychodynamic Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on unconscious conflicts, childhood experiences, and unresolved trauma. It is studied through case studies, dream analysis, and exploring patient history to uncover unconscious drives.

Behavioral Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on learned behaviors, reinforcement, punishment, and environment. It is studied by observing behavior patterns, learning histories, and environmental triggers.

Cognitive Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on thought patterns, beliefs, and mental processes. It is studied by identifying and measuring thought patterns, using self-report inventories, and experimental tasks.

Humanistic Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on self-concept, free will, personal growth, and meaning. It is studied through interviews and client-centered therapy to explore feelings, values, and goals.

Socio-Cultural Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on social, cultural, and environmental influences. It is studied through cross-cultural research, surveys on social support, and analysis of community and family dynamics.

Evolutionary Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on the adaptive value of psychological traits over time. It is studied by examining cross-species patterns, evolutionary models, and reproductive/survival outcomes.

Positive Perspective

A psychological perspective that focuses on human strengths, resilience, flourishing, and positive emotions rather than only pathology. It is studied by measuring levels of hope, optimism, gratitude, and meaning in people with depression and comparing them with flourishing individuals.