CHEM Topic 2 Lecture

Flashcards about Classification of Matter, States of Matter, and Physical and Chemical Properties

Atom

Basic irreducible component or building block of all matter.

Solid

A state of matter with a repeating geometric atomic structure where atoms vibrate in place.

Liquid

A state of matter where atoms are allowed to slip past one another.

Gas

A state of matter where atoms overcome attractive forces and spread as far apart as possible.

Sublimation

The process where a solid changes directly into a gas (e.g., dry ice, iodine).

Deposition

The process where a gas changes directly into a solid (e.g., frost, snow).

Amorphous Solid

Solids, like plastics, that lack a constantly repeating crystalline pattern.

Crystalline Solid

Solids with a constantly repeating crystalline pattern.

Pure Substance

Matter that cannot be separated by physical means.

Element

A pure substance composed of identical atoms (e.g., aluminum, oxygen, carbon).

Compound

A substance composed of 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded in the same proportions (e.g., water, ammonia). Can only be separated by chemical reactions.

Mixture

2 or more elements/compounds physically combined and can be separated by physical means.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where different components can be visually differentiated (e.g., orange juice with pulp).

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is uniform throughout (e.g., saltwater, kool-aid).

Physical Properties

Properties unrelated to chemical reactions (e.g., density, color, boiling point, physical states).

Chemical Properties

How a substance chemically reacts with other substances (e.g., flammability, oxidation).

Distillation

A physical process used to separate homogeneous mixtures by boiling point.