Biology Final

What did Hers know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments?

Bacteriophages made of a protein coat

Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?

Oswald avery

Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.

GGC

The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different…

Base

Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?

Watson and crick

In  humans, where does DNA replication take place?

Nucleus

 During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to…

Binds nucleotides together

Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.

\- AUC

During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?

DNA instructions for making proteins

In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place…

Gene segment repeating

The central dogma states that information flows from…

DNA → RNA → protein

How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide.  CGAUAC 

2

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

codon

A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription…

Occurs in the nucleus

What process is shown in Figure 8.3?

translation

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.

tRNA

Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon.

4

Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation?

Ribosome

Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same…

Genetic code

Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using…

Gene knockout

What is a clone?

Genetic identical copy

Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?

Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following is the study of entire genomes?

Genomics

Which of the following experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with a functional gene?

Gene therapy

What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?

Sequencing all base pair of human chromosome

Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and…

DNA testing

The purpose of genetic engineering is to…

New traits

What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

Adaptation

All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a…

Population

The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)…

Vestigial structure

What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Different finches on different islands

Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?

Linnaeus

Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth’s history?

Catastrophe

Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth’s history?

A (Thats the answer)

What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?

Artificial breeding

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce…

More offspring

Natural selection results in change overtime by acting on traits that are…

Heritable

What is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world?

Biogeography

Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?

Evolution

Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in…

Taxonomy

Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?

Bacteria

Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?

Species

In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called…

Protista

How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?

3

How many kingdoms are there in the life?

6

The modern classification system is mainly based on…

Common ancestry

Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure, which listed species is most related to humans?

Chimpanzee

Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and…

Archaea

The name *Canis lupis* is an example of…

Binomial Nomenclature