muscles of the hyoid bone & larynx, head & neck, vertebrae, respiration, abdomen, scapula, arm & elbow

mylohyoid

elevate hyoid & floor of mouth; pushes food down to the larynx

sternohyoid

depress hyoid bone and larynx

sternothyroid

depresses larynx and hyoid bone

digastric

depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck; rotates head

sternocleidomastoid insertion and origin

insertion: mastoid process

origin: manubrium of sternum and clavicle

scalenes

move head laterally; elevate the rib cage

splenius

extends and rotates head

seminspinalis group

extends the vertebral column & the head

diaphragm

large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing; internal

external intercostal muscles

elevates the rib cage; spreads the ribs to breathe in

external intercostals insertion and origin

insertion: upper edge of the rib

origin: lower edge of the rib

internal intercostal muscles

depresses the rib cage; helps with breathing out

internal intercostal insertion and origin

insertion: lower edge of the rib, deep to the external intercostals

origin: upper edge of the rib, inferior to its insertion

rectus abdominus

flexes the trunk; compresses abdominal cavity; top to bottom

external oblique

flexes and laterally bends the trunk; compresses abdominal cavity; top left to bottom right

internal oblique

flexes and laterally bends the trunk; compresses the abdominal cavity; top right to bottom left

transversus abdominus

compresses abdominal cavity

trapezius

elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm

trapezius insertion and origin

insertion: lateral clavicle and spine and acromion of scapula

origin: external occipital protuberance and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

levator scapulae

elevates scapula

rhomboids

retract scapula

rhomboid insertion and origin

insertion: scapula

origin: spinous processes of some thoracic and cervical vertebrae

pectoralis minor

protracts and depresses scapula

serratus anterior

protracts scapula

pectoralis major

adducts and flexes humerus

latissimus dorsi

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

deltoid

abducts arm

deltoid insertion and origin

insertion: deltoid tuberosity

origin: acromion and spine of scapula

teres major

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

supraspinatus

assissts arm abduction

infraspinatus

laterally rotates the humerus

teres minor

rotates humerus laterally

teres minor insertion and origin

insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

origin: posterior, lateral border of the scapula

biceps brachii

flexes elbow and supinates forearm

biceps brachii insertion and origin

insertion: radial tuberosity

origin: supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process

brachialis

flexes elbow

brachioradialis

flexes elbow

triceps brachii

extends elbow

anconeus

extension of elbow