QUIZ 16 - Class 18: Land Ordinances, Domestic and Foreign Affairs under Articles of Confederation

Spain under Constitutional Period

1. Controlled 31st Parallel

2. Controlled some area Northwest of Florida

- X US Army to kick them out

Articles of Confederation

Proposed in 1777, ratified in 1787

- 1st government of US

- X ratified b/c states could not claim westward land and the Rev. War was not over yet

- 7 states claimed land in the west

Westlands

The area of the ORV and Appalachinas

- 7/13 owned westward land b/c real estate

- 6/13 states jealous because of sectionalism and feared the people drain

People Drain

The 6/13 state's fear that their people would leave to the west to avoid inflated post-war taxes to pay

Cede

To formally give up by treaty

- ORV ceded by Britain in Treaty of 1783

Land Ordinance of 1785

The Land Ordinance because state leaders wanted new colonies

- TJ created states, forming Empire of Liberty

1. Established a rectangular grid system

- 36mi squared townships

2. $1 per acre

- Land sale proceeds go to Congress

3. 1mi squared plot for public education and paid taxes to Congress

Land Ordinance Strategy

1. Orderly expansion

2. Increased literacy

Public Education

Expanded from East to the West, did not exist in the South

General School Act of 1643

The act training men into ministers

- 1st school Harvard

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

The Land Ordinance creating the Northwest Territory and etablished the process of creating new states

- Land -> Territory -> State

1. Congress-appointed territory governor

2. 5,000 voting residents

- Write temporary constitution

- Elect own government/legislature with 3 judges

3. 60,000 population

- Apply for statehood

4. Did not allow slavery

Franchise Requirements

1. White

2. Male

3. Owned land and property

4. Adult

Northwest Territory

1. Ohio (1803)

2. Indiana (1816)

3. Illinois (1818)

4. Michigan (1837)

5. Wisconsin (1848)

Utah

Not part of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 because of Mormons and polygamy

Northwest Statehood

1. X training

- Full rights

2. X slave labor

- B/C x FF and X econ need

Mason-Dixon Line

The former line that separated slave states and free states, now separated by the Ohio River

- Problem: Who decides slavery? States or Congress?

States Rights

The right of states to make decisions

- Sovereignty

Sovereignty

The absolute right for states to govern themselves, free from external control

Territorial Process Exceptions

1. California (1850)

- B/C Gold Rush mass immigration

Domestic Problems Under Articles of Confederation

1. Different currencies

2. No Army, No Navy

- X expell British/Spanish

ex. British garrisons, aka "furposts," and Spanish occupying NW territory above Spanish Florida

- X protect merchants

ex. Barbary State ship seizure

3. Land Disputes

- NW state land claims

4. State Tariffs

- Increased state retaliation

5. X Congressional Tax Power

- Borrow $1: Receive $6

ECONOMIC CONSTIPATION

Events Under Articles of Confederation

1. Annapolis Convention (1786)

- B/C X state tariffs

- 5/13 showed up, sectionalism

2. Shay's Rebellion (1786)

- Springfield, MA debtor farmer civil insurrection w/ militia

- B/C closed ports -> can't pay mortgage or interest from land plot loans

- X Moratorium, grace period by Mass Government to pay these loans

3. "Egalitarianism"

- White power dominance, even though claiming everyone deserves the same rights and opportunities

Daniel Shay

A credible Revolutionary War captain

John Adams

The America-Britain Ambassador

Thomas Jefferson

The America-France Ambassador

France Upset

1. US broke treaty

2. X MFNT

3. X Repaid war debt

Philadelphia

The central city of the United States

- Tolerant

- Cosmopolitain

Independence Hall

The Hall in Philly where the DOI, 1st-2nd Continental Congress, and the AoC was written and revised

55 Delegates

54 delegates revised with AoC, with 1 delegate being fear

Philadelphia Convention

17 Weeks revising the Aoc

- 54/42/39

- 54 at opening, 42 remained for all, 39 signed Constitution

- Sent to the states to ratify

- Problem: States vs. Congress, X Congressional power to tax

Great Lubricant of Politics

Compromise

Philadelphia Problem

Congress vs. States

- Sovereingty tug-of-war B/C power to tax and federalism

- Compromise by James Madison