Unit 2 Biodiversity Study guide

Define Biodiversity

Diversity of life forms in ecosystem

Explain why Biodiversity is a good thing

It means the higher the diversity the higher the ecosytem/ population health

What is the primary cause of biodiversity loss today

An env. disturbance (natural distster/ human. have destruction) then bittle neck reduces dentic diversity

Define species diversity

the number of diff. species in an ecosystem and the balance/ evenness of the pop. sizes of all the species in the ecosystem

Define ecosystem diversity

The # of diff. habitats available in a given area

Define genetic diversity

How diff. the genes are of indivduals within a population (group of the same species)

What are some potential consequences of loss of biodiversity in an ecosystem

If there is a loss of habitat species can die off, if there is no species diversity the habitat may struggle to bounce bac. If there is no genetic diversity inbreeding may occur.

what is the bottleneck event in a population

a sharp drop in a population's size that leads to a major loss of genetic diversity

What are some consequences of bottleneck event

Species are easier to die off and become endangered

Define ecosystem resilience

The ability of an ecosystem to return to its original after a major disturbance

How does high biodiversity contribute to ecosystem resilience

They are able torepopulate disturbed ground, anchor soil, provide food for animal species

Define ecosystem services

the direct and indirect benefits that people and societies get from nature

List 4 different ecosystem services

provisioning- goods taken directly from nature and used as resources

ex; wood, medicine, paper

Regulating- nat. ecosystem regulate , climate/ air quality

ex: trees store CO2 through photosynthesis, trees absorbing air pollutants

Supporting- natural ecosystem support process we do ourselves making them less costly

ex: bees and other insects pollinate, wetland plants filter pollutants leading to cleaner ground water that we dont have to prufiy

cultural services- revenue from recreational activities and profits from scientific discoveries

ex: fisher man paying for fish licence, beautiful landscapes draw tourist who pay to enter parks

What are the two basic rules of island Biogeography? List each once and explain why each rules impact species richness

1. Larger Island support more total species The Larger the island, the greater diversity

2. Islands closer to mainland support more species. It’s easier to colonize genetically diverse, and it has resources.

how does the size of an island influence extinction rate according to the theory of island biogeography

The larger population sizes are more genetically, diverse, and resource availability without that population to become more vulnerable to extinction

What impact is the theory of the island biogeography suggest human activity example 3 deforestation and urbanization might have on biodiversity and fragmented habitat

The theory of island biogeography suggest that it will drastically reduce species number by shrinking patch sizes and increasing isolation higher extinction rates reduce migration

according to the theory of Island biogeography why my species on smaller more isolated island face higher risk of extinction

Not able to obtain resources they need they have preparation a few population sizes

define range of ecological tolerance

Range of conditions, such as temp, solid pH, or sunlight organism can endure before the injury or death result

what happens when an organism is exposed to conditions outside its range of ecological tolerance

Organism most likely will die

Study the Gruffalo, what is optimal range of the zone of physiological stress zone of intolerance

1. optimal range is where organisms can survive grow and reproduce

2. Zone of physiological stress is arrangement organism survive, but experience, stress and lack of growth

3. Zone of intolerance is arranged where organisms will die

why am I the species with a narrow range of ecological tolerance be more vulnerable to environmental changes

Small shifts and conditions can quickly push them past their survival limits into physiological stress or death

define natural climate change

Changing or adjusting for a new condition

how do adaptations to rise in population overtime?

through the combination of random, genetic mutation and natural selection

define ecological succession

A series of predictable stages of growth that force goes through

what is the difference between primary and secondary success?

Primary starts from bar rock

Secondary start run already established soil that happens after a disturbance

define pioneer species

Appear first when the ground is simply bear rock or bear soil after disturbance, such as Moss and Lichen

define climax community

The final stage of ecological succession represented a mature ecosystem in a balanced with an environment