extraction and uses of metals

stainless steel

• contains

• properties 

• uses

• >10% chromium 

• doesn't rust

• cutlery/sinks

reducing agent in blast furnace, because

carbon monoxide - has brought about reduction of iron oxide - it has been oxidised
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂  

cathode electrolysis

Al³⁺+ 3e-  → Al

• reduction

• because Al³⁺ gains electrons

positive anode electrolysis

2O^2- → O₂+ 4e-

• oxidation

• oxygen ion is losing electrons

metals below carbon? extracted by?

zinc 
iron
copper
DISPLACEMENT WITH C OR CO

Metals above carbon are? extracted by?

Potssium
sodium
lithium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
ELECTROLYSIS

low carbon steel

• contains

• properties 

• uses

• <0.3% carbon

• easily shaped

• car body panels/domestic goods

high carbon steel

• contains

• properties 

• uses

• 1-2% carbon

• hard

• cutting tools

electrolysis
why is aluminum mixed with cryolite?

lowers melting point
reduces operating risk

copper

• properties 

• uses

• conducts electricity → domestic wires

• won't react with water → plumbing pipes

blast furnace- limestone is used to 

reacts with impurities in ore, forms slag(waste product)

BLAST FURNACE - IRON ORE
what is being reduced, because

iron oxide - it has lost oxygen
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂  

an ore is

a rock that contains a sufficient amount of a metal compound to make it economically viable to extract the metal

an alloy is, makes it harder because

• a mixture of a metal with with atoms of other elements

• the different sized atoms introduced into the metal disrupt the regular layers of metal ions + therefore stop them from sliding over each other

aluminium

• properties 

• uses

• low density, malleable, unreactive -----> drink cans

• durable, low density -----> aircraft bodies