Vocabulary List: Polar vs Non-Polar Molecules and Intermolecular Forces

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Polar Molecule

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge, resulting in a positive end and a negative end (dipole).

Non-Polar Molecule

A molecule with an even distribution of charge, lacking distinct positive or negative ends.

Hydrophilic

A term describing substances that mix well with water, typically polar molecules.

Hydrophobic

A term describing substances that do not mix well with water, typically non-polar molecules.

Intermolecular Forces

The attractions between molecules that influence their physical properties, such as boiling and melting points.

Hydrogen Bond

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Dipole-Dipole Interaction

An attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

London Dispersion Forces

The weakest type of intermolecular force, present in all molecules, resulting from temporary shifts in electron density, particularly significant in non-polar molecules.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, often influenced by the polarity of the molecules involved.

Biochemistry

The branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

Pharmacology

The study of drugs and their effects on living systems, including how molecular interactions influence drug formulation and efficacy.

Environmental Science

The study of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including the impact of substances like pollutants.