AP CSP Princeton Flashcards

Abstraction::A way of hiding information

Algorithm::A clear step-by-step set of instructions that solves a problem

Algorithm Efficiency::How well an algorithm performs in time and space

Application Program Interface (API)::Rules/specifications for using a library’s procedures

Artificial Intelligence::Computers performing tasks that normally need human intelligence

Assignment::Storing a value in a variable

Bandwidth::Maximum amount of data sent over a network in a fixed time

Base Conversion::Rewriting a number from one base to another

Bias::Data skewed toward a certain result

Binary::Numbers written using base 2

Binary Search::Searching an ordered list by repeatedly checking the middle

Boolean Expression::Expression that evaluates to true or false

Citizen Science::Crowdsourcing for scientific research

Cleaning Data::Making data uniform without changing meaning

Computing Innovation::New method/product/idea involving computers

Creative Commons::Licenses protecting original work from plagiarism

Crowdsourcing::Getting information/input from many people online

Cybersecurity::Protecting systems from unauthorized access/attacks

Data::Information stored, transmitted, or processed by computers

Data Abstraction::Hiding unnecessary details to focus on important information

Data Compression::Reducing the size of stored/transmitted data

Data Types::Specific kind of information stored in a variable

Decimal::Base 10 numbers

Decryption::Converting encrypted data back to original form

Digital Divide::Gap between people with and without technology access

Distributed Computing::Multiple devices working together to run a program

Encryption::Encoding data into another form

Fault Tolerance::Ability of a network to keep working using alternate paths

Graphs::Visual representations of data

Heuristic::Approximate solution instead of exact solution

Hexadecimal::Base 16 numbers

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)::Protocol used to load web pages

Information::Data

Information Security::Cybersecurity

Integer Overflow::Number too large for the data type

Integer Roundoff::Imprecision caused by limited data size

Intellectual Property::Work protected from unauthorized use

Internet Protocol::Rules governing Internet communication

Iteration::Repeating part of an algorithm

Libraries::Collections of prewritten procedures/code

List::Data type holding multiple values

Loops::Code repeated multiple times

Lossless Compression::Compression with complete restoration of original data

Lossy Compression::Compression losing some original quality/data

Machine Learning::Computers learning from data

Metadata::Data about data

Open Source::Software whose source code can be viewed/modified

Parallel Computing::Splitting tasks to run simultaneously

Path::Sequence of connected devices between sender and receiver

Patterns::Recognizable forms in data

Personally Identifiable Information (PII)::Information that can identify a person

Plagiarism::Copying someone’s work as your own

Precision::Amount of detail/significant digits in measurements

Procedural Abstraction::Using a function without knowing internal details

Procedures::Named group of code performing a task

Protocol::Agreed-upon rules for communication

Pseudocode::Plain-language description of an algorithm

Random Number Generator::Program producing random numbers

Redundancy::Extra paths/components for fault tolerance

Route::Path

Routing::Finding a path from sender to receiver

Scalability::Ability of a system to grow/change size

Selection::Using conditions to choose actions

Sequencing::Steps of an algorithm in order

Sequential Computing::Instructions processed one at a time

Simulation Models::Programs imitating real-world situations

String::Collection of characters

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)::Internet protocol that resends packets until receipt is confirmed

Trends::General direction of change over time

Undecidable Problem::Problem that cannot be solved by an algorithm

Variable::Storage location holding a value

World Wide Web::System of linked pages, programs, and files