Axial Skeletal Muscles (Origins, Insertions, & Actions)

Action of Orbicularis oculi

Closes eye

Action of Zygomaticus major

Elevates corner of mouth

Action of Orbicularis oris

Purses lips

Actions of Masseter

Elevates jaw

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes neck

Origin of Pectoralis major

Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of ribs 1-6

Insertion of Pectoralis Major

Greater tubercle of humerus

Action of Pectoralis major

Flexes arm

Action of Pectoralis minor

Protracts and rotates scapula inferiorly

Action of External intercostal(s)

Elevates ribs

Action of Internal intercostal(s)

Depresses ribs

Action of Rectus abdominis

Flexes vertebral column

Origin of Latissimus dorsi

Lower six thoracic vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest

Insertion of Latissimus dorsi

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action of Latissimus dorsi

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action of Latissimus dorsi

Extends arm

Action of Splenius capitis

Extends neck

Action of Iliocostalis

Extends vertebral column

Origin of Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Infraspinatus

Greater tubercle of humerus

Action of Infraspinatus

Laterally rotates arm

Origin of Teres minor

Lateral border of scapula

Insertion of Teres minor

Greater tubercle of humerus

Action of Teres minor

Laterally rotates arm (synergist to infraspinatus)

Origin of Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Supraspinatus

Greater tubercle of humerus

Action of Supraspinatus

Abducts arm

Origin of Deltoid

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Insertion of Deltoid

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action of Deltoid

Abducts the arm

Insertion of Biceps brachii

Radial tuberosity

Action of Biceps brachii

Flexes and supinates forearm

Origin of Long head of Biceps brachii

Supraglenoid tubercle

Origin of Short head of Biceps brachii

Coracoid process

Action of Brachialis

Flexes forearm

Insertion of Triceps brachii

Olecranon of ulna

Action of Triceps brachii

Extends forearm

Origin of Long head of Triceps brachii

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Origin of Lateral head of Triceps brachii

Posterior shaft of humerus

Origin of Medial head of Triceps brachii

Posterior shaft of humerus

Action of Brachioradialis

Synergist in forearm flexion

Action of Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers

Action of Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes wrist

Insertion of Iliopsoas

Lesser trochanter of femur

Action of Iliopsoas

Thigh flexion

Origin of Iliacus

Iliac fossa

Origin of Psoas major

Lumbar vertebrae and T12

Origin of Sartorius

Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion of Sartorius

Medial aspect of proximal tibia

Origin of Tensor fasciae latae

Anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion of Tensor fasciae latae

Iliotibial tract

Action of Quadriceps Femoris

Extends the knee (leg)

Origin of Rectus femoris

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion of Rectus femoris

Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Origin of Vastus lateralis

Greater trochanter of femur

Insertion of Vastus lateralis

Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Origin of Vastus medialis

Linea aspera of femur

Insertion of Vastus medialis

Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Origin of Gluteus medius

Ilium

Insertion of Gluteus medius

Greater trochanter of femur

Action of Gluteus medius

Abducts the thigh (hip)

Origin of Gluteus maximus

Ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Insertion of Gluteus maximus

Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action of Gluteus maximus

Extends the thigh (hip_

Origin of Hamstring

Ischial tuberosity

Action of Hamstring

Flexes the knee (leg)

Insertion of Biceps femoris

Lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion of Semitendinosus

Medial aspect of tibia

Insertion of Semimembranosus

Medial condyle of tibia

Insertion of Gastrocnemius

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action of Gastronemius

Plantar flexion

Origin of Lateral head of Gastrocnemius

Lateral condyle of femur

Origin of Medial head of Gastrocnemius

Medial condyle of a femur

Origin of Tibialis anterior

Lateral condyle and tibial shaft

Insertion of Tibialis anterior

Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone

Action of Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexion