Kaarten: 20th century 1 Class 5 | Quizlet

Who was James Joyce and when was he born?

James Joyce was a great modernist writer, born on 2nd February 1882 in Dublin.

What was James Joyce's family background?

He was the eldest of 10 siblings, born into a middle-class family with Catholic parents.

Did James Joyce experience financial difficulties?

Yes, at times he was very poor, and at other times not poor, living in between poor and not poor.

Where did James Joyce go to school in 1888?

In 1888, he attended Clongowes College in Kingsdale, a Jesuit school.

Why did Joyce switch schools in 1892 and where did he go?

In 1892, his father couldn't afford the fees at Clongowes, so he went to Belvedere College in Dublin, another Jesuit school.

What was notable about Joyce's studies at Belvedere College?

He studied there from 1893 with fees waived.

Where did James Joyce attend university and what did he study?

He went to University College Dublin in 1898 to study English, French, and Italian.

What did Joyce do after graduating in 1902?

He studied medicine in Paris but failed and then started writing poetry.

Why did James Joyce return to Dublin in 1903?

His mother fell ill, and she tried to make him take confession and communion, similar to themes in 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.'

Who did James Joyce marry and when?

He married Nora Barnacle on 10th June 1904.

When was 'Ulysses' published in relation to Joyce's personal life?

'Ulysses' was published on their first date, 16th June 1904.

When did Joyce leave Ireland permanently?

He left Ireland in October 1904.

Where did Joyce live between 1905 and 1915?

He lived in Trieste during this period.

What important idea emerged during Joyce's stay in Rome in 1906?

The idea for the Dubliners story 'Ulysses' emerged.

When was 'Dubliners' published?

It was published in June 1914 by Grand Richard Ltd.

How was 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man' first published?

It was published in installments in the magazine 'The Egoist' between 1914 and 1915.

Where did Joyce live from 1915 to 1920?

He lived in Zurich.

When was 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man' published in New York?

It was published in 1916 by B.W. Huebsch.

Where did Joyce live from 1920 to 1939? He lived in Paris.

How was 'Ulysses' initially published between 1918 and 1920?

It was published in episodes in the magazine 'Little Review.'

Why was 'Ulysses' banned in English-speaking countries?

It was banned due to obscenity, discussing taboo subjects such as sex.

When and where was the full 'Ulysses' published?

It was published on 2nd February 1922 in France by Shakespeare and Company, run by Sylvia Beach.

What was 'Work in Progress'?

'Work in Progress' was the working title for what later became 'Finnegans Wake,' which Joyce started in 1923.

When and where was 'Finnegans Wake' published?

It was published in May 1939 by Faber and Faber in London and Viking Press in New York.

When did James Joyce die and where is he buried?

He fell ill on 10th January 1941, died on 13th January 1941, and is buried in Zurich.

What was a key element of Joyce's artistic credo?

He aimed to write the truth and represent the Irish people through epiphanies and subjective essays.

What did Joyce say about 'Dubliners' and Irish society?

He believed it was a "nicely polished looking-glass" for Irish people to see themselves and that it was a step toward the spiritual liberation of Ireland.

What was Joyce's opinion on other Irish writers?

He was critical, calling their work "lying drivel" about pure love, which he saw as false.

How did Joyce describe 'Ulysses'?

He called it "a new orientation in literature - the new realism," focusing on all thoughts, desires, and impulses.

What political themes are present in 'Ulysses'?

The theme of serving "two masters," the British Empire and the Catholic Church, reflecting Irish political and religious tensions.

Who was Charles Stuart Parnell and how is he related to Joyce's work?

Parnell was a leader of the Home Rule movement; his political downfall and scandal are referenced in 'A Portrait.'

What was the Irish Home Rule movement?

A political effort for Irish self-government within the UK during the late 19th century.

Who was John O'Leary and what did he stand for?

An Irish Republican opposed to Home Rule and Parnell, advocating for full Irish independence.

What role did the Catholic Church play in Irish society?

It dominated society, controlling private lives and politics, influencing characters in Joyce's work.

How did the Irish Literary Revival differ from Modernism?

It romanticized rural Ireland and Irish mythology, focusing on roots and folklore, unlike the modernist "make it new" approach.

What was W.B. Yeats's role in Irish literary culture?

He was a passionate advocate of the Irish Literary Revival, linking it to nationalist sentiment.

What was Joyce's attitude towards the Irish Literary Revival?

He was against it, opposing its romanticized and backward-looking nationalism.

What was the paradox of Joyce's personal exile?

Though living abroad, he wrote exclusively about Dublin, expanding it as a microcosm of all human life.

How did Ireland's colonial status influence Joyce's work?

Ireland was still a colony, and Joyce's work reflects the tension between Irish nationalism and cosmopolitan identity.

What contradiction is present in Joyce's identity as a writer?

He struggled between 'being Irish' and 'being cosmopolitan,' reflecting the incomplete national identity of Ireland.

What is an example of Joyce's political commentary in 'Ulysses'?

The conversation about "two masters" - British Empire and Catholic Church - and the complex Irish identity under colonial rule.

What is Dubliners by James Joyce?

A collection of 15 short stories about daily life in Dublin, started in 1904, focusing on the lower middle class with a naturalist and modernist style, written around the time Joyce left Ireland.

When did James Joyce begin writing Dubliners?

He started writing it in 1904.

What is significant about the timing of Dubliners' writing?

It was written before, during, and after Joyce left Ireland, as he moved to Europe in October 1904 and continued writing after settling in Trieste.

What social class does Dubliners primarily focus on?

The lower middle class of Dublin.

What literary styles does Dubliners combine?

Naturalism and modernism, aiming to write 'the truth' about life with all its consequences.

What was a major obstacle in publishing Dubliners?

Censorship obstructed its publishing.

What did Joyce intend to depict in Dubliners?

He intended to write a chapter of the moral history of Ireland, showing Dublin as a center of paralysis and writing with scrupulous meanness and truthfulness.

How did Joyce describe the atmosphere of his stories in Dubliners?

He said it is "not my fault that the odour of ashpits and old weeds and offal hangs round my stories."

What is The Dead in relation to Dubliners?

The longest and most complex story in the collection, written in 1907 and added later.

Why is The Dead considered somewhat biographical?Joyce had two aunts who entertained people like in the story.

What are some key themes in The Dead?

Loss, epiphany, Irish history, memory, and identity.

What stylistic device is famously used in The Dead?

Epiphany.

What event frames the plot of The Dead?

A Christmas dinner at Gabriel's aunts' house.

Who is the protagonist of The Dead?

Gabriel Conroy.

How is Gabriel described?

He considers himself well-read, is a bit insecure, loves his wife deeply, and is more European-oriented than Irish.

What is the significance of Gabriel's wife Gretta's origin?

She is from the West of Ireland, considered "true Ireland," which contrasts with Gabriel's European outlook.

What is the "Uncle Charles principle" in Joyce's narration?

The narrator adapts their language to reflect the voice and idioms of the characters they are describing, blending narrator and character speech.

How does the "Uncle Charles principle" differ from narrated monologue?

It's about the narrator incorporating character speech styles, not directly presenting characters' thoughts.

What modernist narrative technique is seen in The Dead?

The narrator's voice shifts subtly to reflect the characters' ways of speaking and thinking.

What happens in the hotel scene near the end of The Dead?

Gretta listens to a song about a man named Michael Furey, which triggers Gabriel's epiphany.

What is Gabriel's epiphany about?

He realizes his own limitations, jealousy, and that he cannot match the passionate love Gretta had for Michael Furey, confronting his own mortality and emotional smallness.

How is epiphany defined in the context of Joyce's work?

A sudden spiritual manifestation or revelation, often in ordinary moments, revealing deep insight.

What does Gabriel see in the mirror after Gretta's story?

He sees himself as ridiculous, crude, and unheroic, contrasting with Michael Furey's romantic ideal.

What role does snow play in the closing passage of The Dead?

It symbolizes the universality of life and death, falling over all Ireland, living and dead, connecting the personal and the national.

What is the significance of the closing passage's repetition and rhythm?

It creates a musical, transcendent effect that zooms out from Gabriel to all of Ireland, making the story universal.

What Homeric episode is Nausicaa from Ulysses based on?

Nausicaa from Homer's Odyssey, a princess who helps Odysseus without romantic involvement.

Who is the protagonist in the episode Nausicaa from Ulysses?

Leopold Bloom.

What happens during the Nausicaa episode?

Bloom notices Gerty MacDowell on the beach, who exposes herself slightly; Bloom masturbates discreetly.

Why was Nausicaa controversial when published?

It was deemed obscene, leading to a court case and a ban of Ulysses in English-speaking countries until 1933.

What time and place does Nausicaa take place?

Between 8-9 pm on Sandymount Strand.

What literary device is used in Nausicaa through the interaction between Bloom and Gerty?

A combination of voyeurism and erotic tension leading to a masturbation scene.

What impact did Nausicaa's publication have on the reception of Ulysses?

It caused scandal, censorship, and legal action due to its sexual content.

How is Gerty described physically?

She is fair, slight, graceful, with ivory-like pale skin, rosebud lips, alabaster hands, and dark brown wavy hair.

What role do magazines play for Gerty?

She follows beauty magazines and products, shaping her idealized appearance.

How is Gerty compared to beauty ideals?

She matches the magazine-driven ideal of beauty and fashion.

What is Gerty's idea of love?

She has a romanticized, idealized view and longs for a husband.

How does Gerty feel about Bloom?

She projects a romantic love onto him despite nothing real happening.

Who narrates Gerty's section?

The narrator uses Gerty's idiom, full of clichés and beauty talk.

What is the Uncle Charles Principle?

Shifting narrative voices showing different characters' perspectives.

How do Gerty and Bloom's narratives differ?

Gerty's is cliché and magazine-like; Bloom's is naturalistic and grounded.

How should Gerty be read?

Ironically, as a product of magazine culture, possibly misogynistic or obscene.

What does the fireworks scene symbolize?

Romantic tension and the contrast of fantasy vs reality.

What kind of novel is 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man'?

A Bildungsroman and Künstlerroman about personal and artistic growth.

What works came before 'A Portrait'?

'Stephen Hero' (autobiographical novel) and a philosophical essay.

How does 'A Portrait' differ from 'Stephen Hero'?

'A Portrait' is shorter, more experimental, with 5 chapters.

When was 'A Portrait' first published?

Serialized 1914-15, full edition 1916 in New York.

What is the title difference significance?

'Stephen Hero' sounds heroic; 'A Portrait' is more modest and introspective.

What happens in Chapter 1?

Stephen's childhood at Clongowes, school, and family life.

What happens in Chapter 2?

Family poverty, move to Dublin, new school, first prostitute visit.

What happens in Chapter 3?

Stephen repents after hellfire sermon, embraces religion.

What happens in Chapter 4?

Stephen rejects priesthood and embraces being an artist.

What happens in Chapter 5?

Stephen finishes poem, shifts to diary form, discusses art theory.

What themes are central in the novel?

Identity, exile, religion, family, art, and freedom.

What is the significance of Stephen's name?

Links to Saint Stephen (martyr) and Daedalus (artist/craftsman).

How does the narrative voice evolve?

From simple childhood third-person to complex first-person diary.

What is the Uncle Charles Principle here?

Multiple voices shaping the narrative.

Name key scenes illustrating themes?

Christmas dinner (politics/family), Dollymount epiphany (artistic awakening), Dean of Studies talk (language/identity).

What is the political context?

Irish nationalism, religion, and Stephen's rejection of martyrdom.

What does Stephen's epiphany mean?

Artistic and personal awakening.