Court Casess

What was the outcome of Mapp v. Ohio (1961)?

The Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained from an illegal search cannot be used in court, establishing the Exclusionary Rule under the 4th Amendment.

What rights did Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) establish for defendants?

The ruling established that the 6th Amendment right to counsel applies to all defendants, regardless of the crime's complexity or size.

What precedent was set by Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

All arrestees must be informed of their rights at the time of arrest, leading to the establishment of Miranda Rights.

What was the key ruling in In re Gault (1967)?

The Supreme Court ruled that due process procedures under the 5th Amendment must be followed for all individuals, regardless of age.

What was the significance of Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

The ruling upheld students' right to freedom of expression, protecting symbolic speech under the 1st Amendment as long as it does not disrupt learning.

What did the ruling in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) determine about taxpayer money?

Taxpayer money cannot be used to support private or religious schools, upholding the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment.

What was the key finding in Gregg v. Georgia (1976)?

The Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty for murder is constitutional, establishing it does not violate the 8th Amendment.

What precedent did NJ v. TLO (1985) establish regarding student searches?

Schools can search students without a warrant if there is reasonable suspicion, based on the precedent established in Mapp v. Ohio.

What was the ruling in Bethel v. Fraser (1986) regarding student speech?

The Court ruled that schools can limit student speech if it is lewd or vulgar and disrupts the school atmosphere, not protected under the 1st Amendment.

What was the outcome of Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988) regarding the death penalty?

The ruling established that minors aged 15 or younger cannot be given the death penalty, recognizing protections under the 8th Amendment.

What did the Hazelwood BOE v. Kuhlmeier (1988) ruling state about school newspapers?

Schools can censor publications if the topics are deemed inappropriate, without violating the 1st Amendment rights of students.

What was determined in Board of Education v. Earls (2002) regarding drug testing?

Mandatory drug testing for students involved in competitive extracurriculars does not violate students’ 4th Amendment rights against unreasonable searches.

What did Morse v. Frederick (2005) conclude about student speech?

Students do not have the same speech rights as adults, allowing schools to limit pro-illegal substance message speeches.

What did Roper v. Simmons (2005) establish concerning minors?

It is unconstitutional to impose the death penalty on minors, no matter the crime, as it is considered cruel and unusual punishment under the 8th Amendment.

What was the ruling in D.C. v. Heller (2008) regarding gun ownership?

The 2nd Amendment protects individual gun ownership rights, ruling that gun bans are unconstitutional.

Tik Tok ban

On April 24th, 2024, Biden signed a bill banning Tik Tok. Tik Tok argued that this violates the people’s first amendment rights.

Luigi Mangione

Dec. 23, 2024. Mangione’s lawyer argues that he cannot get a fair judge because many people have seen a video of Mangione shooting the HealthCare CEO, violating the 6th amendment.