A&P Lab 1

Anatomical position

The standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy, where the body stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Inferior

Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

Superior

toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

Anterior

nearer to or at the front of the body

Posterior

nearer to or at the back of the body

Medial

Nearer to the midline of the body

Lateral

Farther from the midline of the body

Intermediate

Between medial and lateral in position. (between two structures)

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the trunk or point of origin of a structure.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

Superficial

Located near the surface of the body.

Deep

Located further away from the surface of the body.

Sagittal

A plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

Midsagittal

A plane that divides the body into equal left and right portions.

Parasagittal

A plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions, parallel to the midsagittal plane.

Frontal

A plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Transverse

A plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

Oblique

A plane that divides the body at an angle, producing sections that are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the sagittal, frontal, or transverse planes.

Cranial cavity

formed by the cranial bones, which houses the brain.

Vertebral cavity

formed by vertebral column that contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves

Thoracic cavity

chest cavity, contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum

Pleural cavity

each surrounds a lung, the serous membrane of each plural cavity is the pleura

Mediastinum

anatomical portion of the thoracic cavity between the medial walls of the pleural cavities, that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Abdominopelvic cavity

subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

Abdominal cavity

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. Serious membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

Pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction.

Right upper quadrant

Right and left hypochondriac region

Epigastric region

Hypogastric region

Right and left inguinal (iliac)

Umbilical region

Parietal layer

Lines the walls of the cavities

Visceral layer

Covers the viscera within the cavities

Serous membrane

Double layered fluid filled sack that surround organs like the heart and the lungs

Serous fluid

Between the two layers reduces friction and allows the viscera to slide somewhat during movements

Pleura

Series membrane of the plural cavities

Visceral pleura

Clings to the surface of the lungs

Parietal pleura

The outer layer serous pleural membrane

Pericardium cavity

Serous membrane of the pericardial cavity

Visceral pericardium

Clings to the surface of the heart

Parietal pericardium

The outer layer of serous pericardial membrane

Peritoneum cavity

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Visceral peritoneum

Covers the abdominal viscera

Parietal peritoneum

Lines the abdominal wall

Lungs

Small intestine

Ascending colon of large intestine

Descending colon of the large intestine

Transverse colon of large intestine

Stomach

Spleen

Diaphragm

Larynx

Thyroid glands

Trachea

Left primary bronchus

Esophagus

Diaphragm

Left lung is differed by

Left superior lube of the lung and then left inferior lobe lung

Mentalis

Right superior lung

Right middle lung

Right inferior lung

Esophagus

Diaphragm

Esophageal hiatus

Spleen

Right adrenal gland

Right kidney

Right ureter

Adrenal glands

Rectum

Urinary bladder

Ureters

Kidneys

Spleen

Esophagus

Cardiac region

Fundus region

Body region

Pyloric region

Rugae

Leaser curvature

Greater curvature

Cardiac sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

Right lobe of liver

Left lobe of liver

Gallbladder

Greater omentum

Small intestines

Cecum of the large intestines

Cecum

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Haustra