Apologia Biology Module 6 3rd Edition

A Knowt Pirated from Quizlet. This is not mine. All credit to Dvlaug on Quizlet.

Genetics

The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring

Genetic factors

The general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA

Environmental factors

Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices. They also include things like exposure to chemicals, molds, extreme weather conditions, and allergens.

Spiritual factors

The factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God.

Gene

The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait

Chromosome

The condensed threads of chromatin (DNA coiled around and supported by proteins) found in the nucleus of the cell

Chromatin

Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.

DNA replication

The process by which two identical DNA molecules are produced from one original DNA molecule

Chromatid

One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere

Centromere

The region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together

Triplet

A three-base sequence on DNA

Codon

A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Anticodon

A three-base sequence on tRNA

Mitosis

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

Interphase

The time interval between cellular reproductions

Cytokinesis

The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two

Karyotype

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs

Dipolid cell

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs or two sets of chromosomes

Hapolid cell

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair of half the total number of chromosomes

Dipolid number (2n)

The total number of chromosomes in a dipolid cell

Hapolid number (n)

The number of homologous pairs in a dipolid cell (1/2 the total)

Meiosis

The process by which a dipolid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

Zygote

The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring.

Tetrad

Two homologous chromosomes consisting of four chromatids, two sister chromatids in each chromosome

Crossing over

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes