APAH Unit 2: Lesson 1-2 Early Romanesque & Gothic

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32 Terms

1
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Aisles

Passageways that run parallel & around the nave, separated from it with arcades/columns

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Ambulatory

A covered walkway that circles the apse/chancel, forming a path for processions

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Apse

The semicircular/polygonal recess with an arched/domed roof, at the east end, contains alter

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Arcade

Arches supported by columns/piers to create passageway/open area

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Archivolt

Series of concentric moldings around an arch

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Chapel

Room/building with a fixed altar dedicated to Saints/relics, special uses for families, hospitals & universities

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Choir

the box between the crossing & the apse, where the choir & clergy sits to sing service

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Clerestory

Row of windows in the upper part of a wall

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Crossing

Where the transept & name intersects in a square

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Engaged Column

Embedded in a wall & protrudes from the surface, sometimes known as attached/embedded columns

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Feudalism

Political system where nobles are granted land from the king in exchange for loyalty, protection, & military service

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Gallery/Tribune

Upper story above the side aisles that opens to the nave/choir, vault transmits the thrust of the nave’s vault

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Groin Vault

Formed at the point where 2 barrel vaults intersect at in an x shape

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Historiated Capitals

A capital that displays a figural composition/narrative scene

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Jambs

sculptures are carved into the vertical sides of a doorway/window, often saints/biblical figures/church leaders

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Last Judgment

Judgment of the human race by Jesus in his second coming, said in Nicene Creed

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Lintel

A beam, horizontal stone/timber placed across and architectural space to take the weight of the room/wall above

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Mandorla

Almond shape nimbus surrounding Christ usually, but sometimes other sacred figures

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Nave

The central area of a church

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Pilgrimage Church

Many groups visit to venerate relics of a saint for grace & indulgences, usually has increased length in nave & extended side aisles & ambulatory

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Romanesque

Style of architecture developed in Italy & western Europe, after the Romans, before the Goth

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Transepts

Cross-shaped area that crosses the nave at a right angle to separate it from the sanctuary

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Tympanum

Half-rounded panel that fills the space between the lintel & arch over the doorway of churches

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Cathedral

The seal of the local bishop & his home church

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Flying Buttress

A buttress that stands apart from the main structure and connected to it by an arch, a separated pier, that forms an arch and supports the wall

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Gargoyle

A grotesque carved human/animal, that is used as a rain spout carrying water clear of a wall.

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Gothic

Style of architecture developed in N. France that spread throughout Europe during the 12-16th centuries. Church features ribbed vaults, two towers, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, 3 portals, and tall spires. Allows as much light as possible into the structure

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Jamb

Figural sculpture attached to the side posts of a doorway

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Plate Tracery

Holes cut into the stone of the wall filled with stained glass

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Rib Vault

One bay of quadripartite vaulting is divided transversely into 2 parts so that each bay hs 6 compartments.

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Rose Window

a circular window with stained glass and stone tracery used on facades and the ends of transepts in Gothic cathedrals

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Stained Glass - Colored glass used to form decorative/pictorial designs, usually for church windows, both by painting and especially by setting contrasting pieces in a lead framework like a mosaic.