Hematology

Neutrophil maturation process

1. Myeloblast

2. Promyelocyte

3. Myelocyte

4. Metamyelocyte

5. Band

6. Neutrophil

how long does it take a neutrophil to mature

5-7 days

Abnormal lymphocyte morphology

Reactive lymphocytes

Granulated lymphocytes

Lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disease

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

the most consistent morphologic abnormality observed in reactive lymphocytes

Increased blue staining of the cytoplasm

Which animal species may show the presence of Döhle bodies within their neutrophil cytoplasm without the presence of toxicity or inflammatory disease?  

feline and equine

Which cytologic description matches this image?

Platelet clumps

Which classification best describes this image?

Nonmammalian platelet

What are the two types of reticulocytes dogs and cats both have

aggregate reticulocytes

Punctate reticulocytes

What is the most common cause of decreased RETIC-HGB?

inflammation

What is RETIC-HGB?

reflects amount of hemoglobin in the reticulocyte

measures “quality” reticulocyte

sensitive and specidc indicator of iron availibitliy for normal RBC production

Which type of reticulocytes do automated analyzers count for the absolute reticulocyte count?

Aggregate reticulocytes

Whole blood is composed of ________ & __________

fluid & cells

3 types of blood cells are

RBC, WBC, and thrombocytes

fluid portion of blood =

plasma

agranuloctyes

lymphocytes, monocytes

granulocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

RBC maturation process

1. Rubriblast

2. Prorubricyte

3. Basophilic rubricyte

4. Polychromatophilic rubricyte

5. Metarubricyte

6. Reticulocyte

7. Erythrocyte

A red blood cell count measures

number or red blood cells circulating in the blood, indicating potential anemia or dehydration

Hemoglobin (HGB) measures the

oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells; low level can indicate anemia

Hematocrit demtermines the

% of red blood cells in the blood, another indicator of anemia or hydration status

mean corpuscular volume indicates

average size of red blood cells, which can help differentiate types of anemia

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

average hemoglobin concentration per red blood cell

White blood cell count measures the

total # of white blood cells, which are important for fighting infection

Leukocyte differential determines the

different types of white blood cells to identify specific types of infections or inflammatory conditions.

Platelet count measures the

number of platelets which are essential for blood clotting

hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to

common myeloid precursor and common lymphoid precursor

common myeloid precursor gives rise to

megakaryocyte

erythrocyte precursor / rubriblast

granulocyte precursor

Monocyte precursor

common lymphoid precursor gives rise to

t lymphocyte/NK cells

b lymphocytes

organs involved in hematopoisesis

liver, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow

which organ releases erythropoietin into the blood stream

kidneys

Erythroid progenitor cells respond yo EPO and stimulates

proliferation and differentiation of RBCs precursors

increased oxygen levels tell kidneys to ____ producing erythropoietin, maintaing hemostasis

stop

monocytes have a ____ appearance

grey

leukocyte maturation process

1. myeloblast

2. promyelocyte

3. Myelocyte

4. Band

5. Granulocyte

Proliferation pool

cells capable of mitosis

Maturation pool

cells no longer capable of mitosis

maturation pool consists of

band cells and segmented granulocytes

dog common blood collection sites

cephalic, jugular, saphenous vein

Cat common blood collection sites

cephalic, jugular, femoral vein

horse common blood collection sites

jugular vein

cattle common blood collection sites

coccygeal and jugular vein

Bird common blood collection sites

jugular and medial metatarsal

Rabbit common blood collection sites

ear vein

Rodent common blood collection sites

tail vein

Heparin is

antithrombin

EDTA is

chelates calcium

oxalates

chelates calcium

Citrates

chelates calcium

most abuntant type of WBC

Granulocyte

Neoplastic blood in the cells in blood or bone marrow

Leukemia

which species are known for larger platelets

cats

anticoagulants are used when _____ ____ or ______ samples are needed

whole blood or plasma

plasma is

liquid minus blood cells

Heparin works by preventing the

conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

______ should NOT be used for WBC morphology

heparin

Preferred anticoagulant because it does not alter cell morphology

EDTA