Reconstruction, The Gilded Age, and Imperialism

13th Amendment

Labor and Technology

abolished slavery (December 1865)

14th Amendment

Self and Society

"all persons born or naturalized in the US and subject to its jurisdiction are US and state citizens" (1868)

15th Amendment

Self and Society

the right to vote cannot be denied on account of race, color or status of labor (1870)

American Federation of Labor

Labor and Technology/ Reform and Renewal

1886; founded by (((Samuel Gompers))); sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

Alexander Graham Bell

Labor and Technology

exhibited a telephone instrument

Black Codes

Labor and Technology

laws aimed to reimpose bondage on freemen

Booker T. Washington

Self and Society

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Andrew Carnegie

Labor and Technology/ Self and Society

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

Carpetbaggers

Self and Society

northern men who moved South after the Civil War to make political fortunes; often times were allied with newly freed African Americans

Chinese Exclusion Act

America and the World

(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Labor and Technology

United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877); built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

Dawes General Allotment Act

1887 replaced the reservation system with an allotment, each indian family was granted a 160-acre farmstead. To protect the Indians they were not allowed to sell or transfer the land for 25 years.

W.E.B. DuBois

Self and Society

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910; opposed Booker T. Washington

Thomas Edison

Labor and Technology

invented the incandescent lamp, the talking machine/phonograph and the motion picture

Haymarket Affair

Labor and Technology/ Reform and Renewal

A protest in 1886 in Chicago that was organized by the Knights of Labor that quickly turned violent when someone threw a bomb causing the police to open fire. The result of this was that many of the protesters were arrested or killed.

Immigration (1870-1900)

America and the World

12 million immigrants moved to the US; aided in the economy of the US and its major cities.

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Labor and Technology

Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

Jim Crow

Self and Society

laws in Southern states that enforced segregation, limited African American's access to public facilities, and denied African Americans the right to vote by imposing poll taxes and literacy tests

Samuel F.B. Morse

Labor and Technology

perfected electrical telegraphy

"Open Door" Policy

America and the World

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Panama Canal

America and the World

The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400 billion to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

People's Party

Self and Society

Another name for the Populists. They campaigned in the election of 1892; they nominated James B. Weaver as their candidate. They wanted to bring together the aggrieved workers from across the nation, but had support primarily in the West.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Self and Society

Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."

Radical Reconstruction

Reform and Renewal

a murky period of political conflict, corruption and regression

-slaves were granted freedom, but not equality

-slaves were freed, but bound to sharecropping due to lack of economic opportunity

Railway Strike

Started on July 4th in response to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cutting wages of workers for the 3rf time in a year. Striking workers wouldn't allow any trains to roll until the wage cut was revoked.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history. Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.

Sharecropping Farming

Labor and Technology

Agricultural production system in which land owners contributed their land, capital and management while tenant farmers gave their time and labor while sometimes giving capital and management to plant and harvest crops. Owner and farmers would split revenue and crops. Some newly freed African Americans turned to farming for their former slave master when unable to find other economic opportunities.

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

Reform and Renewal

first national legislation in the world against monopoly; prohibited trusts, restraint of trade, and monopolization, but the law was vague and ineffective

Social Darwinism

Self and Society

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Spanish American War

America and the World

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Gustavus Swift

Labor and Technology

In the 1800s he enlarged fresh meat markets through branch slaughterhouses and refrigeration. He monopolized the meat industry.

Amnesty Act of 1872

general act that restored full political rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers

Freedmen's Bureau

Self and Society

Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War; proved inadequate to the desperate needs of former slaves for institutions that could provide them with political and economic opportunity, or simply protect them from violence and intimidation

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

group of white Southerners who united to intimidate blacks and prevent them from exercising their rights

Joint Committee on Conduct of the War

Although created by the Republican-dominated Congress in December 1861 to examine and monitor Civil War military policy (pushing the Lincoln administration to a more aggressive engagement in the war and toward emancipation), this ultimately devoted itself more to harassing Democratic officers and promoting the political agenda of Radical Republican congressmen

Peace Democrats (Copperheads)

Argued for an end to the fighting and a reunion of the states

Clement Vallandigham (1820-1871)

Leader of the Copperheads, against Lincoln; attacked Lincoln's policies, was arrested and released to lead a big, but unsuccessful campaign against him.