APUSH Period 4 Unit C

Election of 1800

Referred to as the Revolution of 1800, marking a peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans.

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson's most significant achievement, doubling the size of the U.S. and securing control of New Orleans.

Pinckney’s Treaty

A 1795 agreement allowing U.S. navigation of the Mississippi River and right of deposit at New Orleans.

Marbury vs Madison

Landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review, declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who strengthened federal power through his court decisions, including Marbury vs. Madison.

Fletcher vs

First case where the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional, affirming the sanctity of contracts.

Gibbons vs

Supreme Court case affirming federal control over interstate commerce, invalidating state-granted monopolies.

War Hawks

Congressional leaders advocating for war against Britain, driven by nationalism and expansionist desires.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Incident leading to heightened tensions between the U.S. and Britain, contributing to the War of 1812.

Embargo Act of 1807

Legislation prohibiting American trade with foreign nations, ultimately harming the U.S. economy.

Treaty of Ghent

Agreement ending the War of 1812, restoring territorial status quo without addressing impressment issues.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. foreign policy declaring the Americas off-limits to European colonization and interference.

Missouri Compromise

Agreement maintaining the balance between slave and free states, admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Adams-Onis Treaty

1819 agreement where Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the border between Texas and Louisiana Territory.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of national unity and one-party rule following the War of 1812, characterized by rising nationalism.

Panic of 1819

first major financial crisis in United States history. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.

Alien and Sedition Acts

series of laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798, which aimed to crack down on anti-government sentiment and to limit the influence of immigrants in the United States

Jay Treaty

signed between the United States and Great Britain in 1794, which aimed to settle outstanding issues from the American Revolution and to establish a framework for peaceful trade and relations between the two countries.

Embargo Act

prohibited American ships from sailing to foreign ports in an effort to protect American interests and to avoid getting drawn into the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France.

The abolition of the Federalist-controlled national bank

In 1811, Jefferson vetoed a bill to renew the charter of the national bank, which was controlled by the Federalist Party. The veto helped to weaken the power of the Federalist Party and contributed to the decline of the First Party System.

first party system

describes the political system in place in the United States between 1792 and 1824. It was marked by two dominant political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

James Madison

American statesman, diplomat and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of United States (1809-1817), affiliated with war of 1812

Judicial Review

he doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary. It is an essential part of checks and balances within U.S. government structure.

Non-Intercourse Act

law passed by the United States Congress in 1809, replacing the Embargo Act of 1807. It aimed to maintain U.S. neutrality during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France by prohibiting trade with these nations.

Barbary Wars

Jefferson’s first foreign affair, Mediterranean pirates wanted tribute for American ships

Macon’s Bill no. 2

restored U.S. trade with Britain and France after non-intercourse act with stipulation that they would respect U.S. sea neutrality

General William Henry Harrison

ended Tecumech’s attempt at Indian Confederacy, Battle of Tippecanoe

Baltimore / Fort McHenry

After burning down Washington, the British failed at attempting to take over Fort McHenry

Battle of New Orleans

American’s won final battle before treaty arrived, led to victory by Andrew Jackson

Election of 1816

Republican Monroe won after Federalist party struggles

Tariff of 1816

protective tariff that helped young U.S. industries after Britian struggle

Rush-Bagot treaty

America and Britain agreed to demilitarization the Great Lakes

Treaty of 1818

America and Britain made Louisiana Territory as 49th parallel, joint occupation of Oregon treaty