Bacterial Disease - Bacillus

are

Bacilli bacteria are/are not spore-forming

positive

Bacillus is a gram positive/negative bacterium

aerobic

Bacillus is aerobic/anaerobic

Boxcar

What is the shape of Bacillus?

Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus

What are two types of Bacillus?

anthrax

Bacillus anthracis causes...

fried rice syndrome

Bacillus cereus causes...

Cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal

What are the three types of anthrax?

Inhalational

Most deadly form of anthrax

Ingestion of contaminated meat

What causes gastrointestinal anthrax?

rare

Gastrointestinal anthrax is common/rare in the United States

Cutaneous anthrax

Most common form of anthrax

does not

Cutaneous anthrax does/does not cause pain

1. Lesion develops into papule

2. Changes to a vesicle

3. Changes to black eschar

4. Falls off after 1-2 weeks

What are the stages of a cutaneous anthrax lesion?

Initial and fulminating pneumonia or mediastinitis

2 stages of inhalational anthrax

Initial stage of inhalational anthrax

What does the patient have? Patient presents with fever, malaise, HA, dyspnea, cough, and congestion

hours to days

Symptoms for the fulminating pneumonia or mediastinitis stage of anthrax develop in...

pulmonary macrophages to lymphatic to regional lymph nodes and cause lymphadenitis

Inhalational anthrax causes overwhelming sepsis by traveling from...

nonspecific

Labs for anthrax are...

mediastinal widening

A CXR for anthrax is used to determine...

Skin lesions, pleural fluid, and CSF fluid

A gram stain for anthrax is performed from what samples?

Sputum, blood, CSF, and skin lesions

What samples are used to culture anthrax?

CDC

Who do you contact if worried about anthrax?

Ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones, doxycycline as an alternative, or combination treatment

What are the treatments for anthrax?

Inhalational anthrax, disseminated disease, or cutaneous anthrax around face, head, and neck

When is combination treatment used for anthrax?

Vaccine or antibiotic for exposure/vaccine

What is the treatment for anthrax?

excellent; poor (85% mortality rate)

Prognosis for cutaneous anthrax is _____________ while prognosis for inhalational or GI anthrax is ____________