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To those who fear want

Epictetus (Ancient Greek Stoic Philosopher)

Main Arguments

-Wealthy people cowards- fear poverty

-Poverty isn't a moral character, neither shame or pride

-Wealth often an accident of birth

-Don't fear what cannot be controlled

-People always find way to survive

New Testament

Luke

Main Arguments

-Taught through parables (simple stories teaching spiritual/moral lesson)

-Acting wisely (just doing it) v. acting righteously (moral)

-Acting wisely leads to eternal rewards (relations rather than wealth)

-Rich man and Lazarus

-Material wealth is spiritually dangerous bc it causes mistreatment of others

The Flower Market

Po Chi-i

Main Arguments

-Poem

-Flowers social metaphor for luxuries we spend money to the detriment of the poor

-All resources put into cultivating flowers can be better spent on poor

-Uses "we" to include reader in injustice

Gin Lane

William Hogarth

Main Arguments

-Artwork- engraving

-Social criticism

-Ills of gins addiction particularly in poor and children

Migrant Mother

Dorothea Lange

Main Arguments

-the hardships of being a migrant worker

-focuses on particularly women and mothers

An Essay on the Principle of Population

Thomas Malthus

Main Arguments

-If constraints didn't exist, populations increase geometrically, more rapidly than food which is arithmetic (addition)

-Pop. growth can't go unchecked

-Human catastrophes, natural disasters, wars and disease are natural constraints

-We must make own choice to control pop.

A Modest Proposal

Jonathan Swift

Main Arguments

-Satirical piece

-Proposal is to breed and eat poor Irish babies which...

-solves hunger issue

-rids out Catholics

-gives poor commodity to sell and creates jobs

-induce marriage

-Critical of English and ruling Irish who neglect the poor

-Tone: mocking and bitter

-Suggests: taxing absentee landlords, creating and using local goods, mercy, tightening belts

Economic and Moral Progress

Gandhi

Main Arguments

-Economic progress: advancement in one's material condition

-Moral progress: spiritual advancement; permanent

-Economic progress hinders moral progress

-Moral progress demands rejection of economic progress

Equality

Simone Weil

Main Arguments

1. All humans are equal

2. All humans have equality of opportunity (education and prospects- jobs)

3. Equality of opportunity cannot act alone

-low social status

-can lead to depression

4. Social mobility

-only goes one way, otherwise instability

5. Solution: Equality of proportion

-greater wealth= greater responsibility and liability

6. Solution: no more quantitative equality

-difference in kind

7. Two types of inequality- stable inequality (inequality of kind), inequality of degree (wealth but no moral respect)

Poor Kids + Arguments

-Poverty is difficult to escape

-Children deeply affected by it

-Hyper aware of family finances

-Shame- for lacking what others have

-Take jobs to help family finances

-Education is affected because of constant moves (housing issues)

Inequality for All

See guide

What is an infograph?

A visual representation of info, data or knowledge

When is it used?

-When complex info needs a quick and clear explanation (signs, maps, journalism, technical writing, education)

-Computer science, math, stats

Why?

-Communicate a message

-Large amounts of info into compact and easy presentation

-Reveal data, show evolution

The types?

-Statistical (bar graphs, pie charts)

-Timeline

-Process (how to)

-Geographical (maps, etc.)

When creating one ask...

-What for

-What is the goal

-Answers determine type of relative data- relevant for what we want

-How to refine data

-how to represent data best

-Choose most effective visual metaphor

*sentence could be clearer than chart

-color palette can help

Lifeboat Ethics

Hardin

Main Arguments

-for humanity to survive harsh decisions must be made to keep lifeboat afloat

-wealthy nations shouldn't share resources and wealth with poorer ones

-Christian and Marxist ethic only provide short term solutions to long term issue- overpopulation and depletion of resources

-"The Tragedy of the Commons"- shared public space no one takes care of (food bank, ocean)

-new technologies in food development doesn't solve problem- won't keep up and further depletes resources

-We cannot look to past injustices

to dictate future

-Absolute justice is impossible- our primary duty is to the present and future

The Singer Solution to World Poverty

Peter Singer

Main Arguments

-we have power to save lives of those in poverty

-morally if we value children's lives we're compelled to donate money

*all money going beyond basic necessities of life

*luxuries as simple as going out to dinner should be given up in order to donate to poor

-Distance and/or direct knowledge shouldn't affect your ability to save a life

"Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society"

Stiglitz

Main Idea

-Government is involved in all aspects of economy and is responsible for wealth distribution

*education and job training