TOPIC 4 - ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
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35 Terms
Electricity
A form of energy from moving electric charges
Charge
A property of particles - positive or negative
Electron
Negatively charged particle that carries electrical current
Current
The flow of electric charge, measured in amps (A)
Circuit
A complete closed path for electricity to flow
Cell
A single source of electrical energy
Battery
Two or more cells joined together
Voltage
The energy push that drives electric charges (V)
Resistance
Opposition to the flow of electric current
Conductor
Material that allows electricity to flow easily
Insulator
Material that does not allow electricity to flow easily
Switch
Opens or closes a circuit
Series circuit
A circuit with one pathway for current
Parallel circuit
A circuit with more than one pathway for current
Ammeter
Measures electric current
Voltmeter
Measures voltage
Lamp
Converts electrical energy into light
Motor
Converts electrical energy into movement
Fuse
Safety device that melts and breaks the circuit if current is too high
Static electricity
A buildup of electric charge on an insulator
Power
Rate of energy transfer - P = IV - measured in Watts (W)
Kilowatt-hour
Unit of electrical energy - 1 kWh = 1000 W used for 1 hour
Magnet
An object that produces a magnetic field
Magnetic field
The area around a magnet where magnetic forces act
Pole
The ends of a magnet where force is strongest
North pole
The pole that points toward geographic north
South pole
The opposite pole to north
Attract
Opposite poles pull together
Repel
Like poles push apart
Magnetic material
A material attracted to a magnet (e.g. iron, steel, nickel, cobalt)
Electromagnet
A magnet made by passing electric current through a coil of wire
Solenoid
A coil of wire that acts as a magnet when current flows through it
Electromagnetism
The link between electricity and magnetism
Coil
Loops of wire carrying electric current to create a magnetic field
Iron core
Iron inside a solenoid that strengthens the magnetic field