Introduction to Globalization

These flashcards cover the definitions, key authors, theoretical lenses, and the advantages and disadvantages of globalization based on the lecture transcript.

Why is it necessary to study globalization according to the lecture notes?

Because the world faces numerous problems that affect everyone, such as terrorism, transnational crime, poverty, gender inequality, and environmental degradation.

How does Anthony McGrew describe the impact of globalization on distance?

He stresses that globalization connects events, choices, and actions across boundaries and provides them worldwide effects, making physical distance less significant.

What is 'globality' as described by Steger (2005)?

A state where individuals' lives are more influenced by forces and occurrences external to their own nation.

Who defined globalization as a process where 'the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede'?

Malcolm Waters.

According to Mike Featherstone, what are 'third cultures'?

International law, global financial markets, and media corporations that operate beyond national borders.

How does Emanuel Richter define globalization?

The global network which united previously disparate communities into mutual dependence and a unit of a single world.

What term did Martin Albrow use to describe the result of nations being conscripted into a single world society?

The Global Society.

How does Anthony Giddens define globalization?

The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

According to Joseph Stiglitz, what does globalization replace the 'dictatorship of the national elites' with?

The dictatorship of the international finance.

What two parallel processes does the World Bank assume the world economy scores?

Globalization (transnationalization) and Decentralization.

In the context of the World Bank's definition, what remains the role of the national state after decentralization?

Diplomacy, the army, and the enactment of internal legislation.

What are the four common lenses used to comprehend globalization?

Internationalization, liberalization, universalization, and westernization.

What characterizes globalization as 'internationalization'?

Strengthening relationships and intensifying trade, including the increased movement of people, capital, goods, and information across borders.

Which trade agreements are cited as key examples of liberalization?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT, 1947), Single European Act (1986), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, 1992), and ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).

What is the 'universalization' approach to globalization?

The spread of ideas, goods, and practices around the world until they become 'global standards,' such as Western-style attire or the Gregorian calendar.

What terms are associated with globalization as 'Westernization'?

Colonization, imperialism, Americanization, 'McDonaldization', and 'West-toxication'.

How does globalization potentially lower prices for customers?

By increasing competition between more countries trading with each other.

What is a benefit of globalization for poorer states according to the text?

It brings in foreign money, technology, and investments to enhance infrastructure and industry.

How does globalization affect the spread of diseases?

Faster mobility across borders helps contagious diseases like HIV/AIDS and Corona virus spread to remote places faster.

What is 'tax avoidance' in the context of globalized businesses?

When big global firms use tax havens and intricate structures to avoid paying or to pay less in taxes, causing governments to lose revenue.

What is the 'McDonaldization' mentioned in the text?

A uniform fast-food style culture that spreads Western lifestyle and ideals.

How can globalization pressure social welfare systems in developed countries?

Through fiscal deficits, unemployment, and economic inequality caused by global competition.