Evolution

adaptive radiation

one species branches off

Fossilized evidence of Earth’s first forms of life would consist of

prokaryotes from the Precambrian

Which one of these facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitutes support for the endosymbiotic theory?

Their DNA resembles bacterial DNA

Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis?

Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism

Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive

Best index fossils come from species that existed for a

short period of time over a wide geographic range

Proteinoid microspheres are tiny bubbles that resemble cells because

they have selectively permeable membranes

James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work suggests that Earth is

several million years old

the first photosynthetic organisms caused earth to ____

cool

In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species by

making new habitats available

Did RNA or DNA exist first?

RNA

What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?

Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes

The population size does not have to be large for ____ _____

natural selection

Flowers and bees are examples of ____

coevolution

A farmer sprays insecticide on his crops to kill unwanted insects. Most of the insects die, and the chemicals have the effect of damaging the DNA of the insects that are not killed. What has happened?

mutations have arisen that may have altered allele frequencies

independent assortment

genes are randomly sorted into cells

genetic recombination

pieces of DNA are recombined, includes independent movement and crossing over

Natural selection acts directly on _______

phenotypes

Finches prefer mates with beak sizes

similar to their own

The genetic recombination that occurs as part of sexual reproduction (changes/does not change) the gene pool’s allele frequencies

does not change

The Galapgos finches experienced ______ selection

directional

The frequency of phenotypes for a polygenic trait is illustrated as a

bell shaped curve

polygenic trait

influenced by multiple genes

What did Bishop Ussher argue?

the earth was created on a certain date

What did James Hutton claim?

the church was wrong and the earth was older than Bishop Ussher said

What does Charles Lyell claim?

the earth is older than we thought

What did Jean Baptiste-Lamarck believe in?

tendency toward perfection, organs or traits that aren’t used deteriorate, inheritance of acquired traits

Endosymbiotic Theory

early plant ancestors became the mitochondria because they both have a double membrane