Text Structures Tier 3 to number 26

acknowledgement

recognizes that an opposing concern, criticism, or limitation is understandable or reasonable before continuing the argument

argument/proposition-support

presents and defends a claim with supporting evidence and reasoning

call to action

urges readers or characters to take a specific action in response to a problem or situation

citation/evidence

introduces data, research, statistics, or expert testimony to support a claim

concession

acknowledges the validity, reasonableness, or merit of an opposing viewpoint before continuing the argument

refutation

challenges, disproves, or undermines an opposing viewpoint or argument

counterclaim/opposition

introduces or summarizes an opposing viewpoint before responding to it

critique/evaluation/judgement

evaluates the quality or effectiveness of an idea or policy

problem-solution

identifies a problem and proposes a solution

qualificaiton/limitation

refines or limits a claim to make it more precise

shift/turn

signal a change in tone, perspective, or argument