4.4 - Psychodynamic & Humanistic Theories of Personality

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Last updated 1:06 AM on 2/25/25
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22 Terms

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Personality
An individual's unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, characteristics, thoughts, and emotions.
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Id
The part of personality that wants instant pleasure and does not think about consequences.
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Ego
Balances the id's desires with reality and ensures socially acceptable behavior.
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Superego
Our conscience, guiding us with moral values and a sense of right and wrong.
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Pleasure Principle
The principle that drives the id to seek immediate gratification.
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Reality Principle
The principle that governs the ego, balancing the id’s desires with real-world consequences.
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Morality Principle
The principle that guides the superego in terms of right and wrong.
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Denial
A defense mechanism where an individual refuses to believe a painful reality.
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Displacement
A defense mechanism where negative emotions are directed at a less threatening target.
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Projection
A defense mechanism where one blames others for their own feelings.
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Rationalization
A defense mechanism where excuses are made to avoid feeling bad about something.
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Reaction Formation
A defense mechanism where one acts in opposition to their true feelings.
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Regression
A defense mechanism where a person reverts to earlier, comforting behaviors to deal with stress.
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Repression
A defense mechanism where painful thoughts or memories are unconsciously pushed away.
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Sublimation
A defense mechanism that channels negative feelings into positive actions.
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Projective Tests
Assessments that reveal hidden thoughts and feelings through ambiguous stimuli.
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
A projective test where individuals describe what they see in a series of inkblots.
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A projective test where individuals describe the narratives behind pictures shown to them.
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Humanistic Theory of Personality
Focuses on how experiences, choices, and the desire to grow shape personality.
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Unconditional Positive Regard
Feeling valued and accepted regardless of circumstances; important for healthy self-image.
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Self-Actualization
The motivation to grow and reach one's full potential, including developing talents and setting goals.
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Assessing Personality
Humanistic psychologists utilize personal experiences, interviews, and self-report questionnaires to understand a person's self-perception.