IoT Module 2

THE THINGS OF IOT

What are the two basic components of the Internet of Things?

Sensors and Actuators

THE THINGS OF IOT

A device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.

Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT

The input of sensors could be any of the following:

Light
Heat
Motion
Moisture
Pressure
Environmental Phenomena

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

Based on whether they produce an energy output and typically require an external power supply or whether they simply receive energy and typically require no external power supply.

Active or Passive

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

Based on whether a sensor is part of the environment it is measuring or external to it.

Invasive or Non-invasive

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

Based on whether they require physical contact with what they are measuring or not.

Contact or No Contact

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

Based on whether they measure on an absolute scale or based on a difference with a fixed or variable reference value.

Absolute or Relative

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

Based on the specific industry or vertical where they are being used.

Area of Applications

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

How sensors measure?

Thermoelectric
Electrochemical
Piezoresistive
Optic
Electric
Fluid mechanic
Photoelastic

THE THINGS OF IOT: Category of Sensors

What do sensors measure?

Based on their applications or what physical variables they measure

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Measures the position of an object; position measurement can be absolute (absolute position sensor) or relative term (displacement sensor)

Position Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give examples of a Position Sensor

Potentiometer
Inclinometer
Proximity Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects the presence of people and animals in a surveillance area

Occupancy Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give an example of an Occupancy Sensor

Electric eye

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects movement of people and objects

Motion Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me an example of a Motion Sensor

Passive Infrared Motion Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects whether a physical force is applied and whether the magnitude of force is beyond threshold

Force Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me an example of a Force Sensor

Force Gauge
Force Sensing Resistor (FSR)
Tactile Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Measure force applied by liquid or gases. Pressure is measured in terms of force per unit area

Pressure Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me an example of a Pressure Sensor

Barometer
Piezometer

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Measures the sound levels and convert that information into digital or analog data signals

Acoustic Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of Acoustic Sensors

Microphone
Geophone

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects the amount of water vapor in the air or a mass

Humidity Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of humidity sensors

Hygrometer
Soil moisture sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects the rate of fluid flow. Measure the volume (mass flow) or rate (flow velocity) of the fluid that has passed through a system in a given period of time

Flow Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give examples of Flow sensors

Anemometer
Water Flow

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects the presence of light (visible or invinsible)

Light sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give examples of Light sensors

Photodetector
Infrared sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects radiation in the environment

Radiation Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of Radiation Sensor

Scintillator
Neutron Detector

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Measures the amount of heat or cold that is present in the system

Temperature sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of Temperature Sensors

Calorimeter
Digital Thermometer

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Measures the concentration of chemicals in the system

Chemical Sensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of Chemical sensors

Breath Analyzer
Olfactometer

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Detects various biological elements such as organisms, tissues, cells, enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acid

Biosensor

THE THINGS OF IOT: Sensor Types

Give me examples of Biosensors

Pulse Oximetry
Electroradiograph

THE THINGS OF IOT

a device that moves or controls some mechanism. It converts a control signal into mechanical action such as an electric motor.

Actuator

THE THINGS OF IOT

Actuators may be driven by:

Hydraulic
Pneumatic
electric
Thermal
Mechanical
Software

THE THINGS OF IOT

Actuator ties a control system to its _________

Environment

THE THINGS OF IOT

Function of Actuators:

Receive some type of control signal (commonly an electric signal or digital command) that triggers a physical effect, usually some type of motion, force, and etc.

THE THINGS OF IOT

Ways to Classify Actuators

Type of Motion
Power
Binary of Continuous
Area of Application
Type of Energy

THE THINGS OF IOT

Examples of Actuators

Transistor
Pneumatic Cylinder
Solenoid Valve
DC motor
Stepper motor

THE THINGS OF IOT

The building blocks of IoT, Transform everyday objects into a network of intelligent objects that are able to learn from and interact with their environment in a meaningful way

Smart Objects

THE THINGS OF IOT

Other terms of Smart Objects:

smart sensor
smart device
IoT device
intelligent device
thing
smart thing
intelligent node
intelligent things
ubiquitous thing
intelligent product

THE THINGS OF IOT

Trends in Smart Objects:

Size is decreasing
Power consumption is decreasing
Processing power is increasing
Communication capabilities are improving
Communication is being increasingly standardized