NUR201 Exam 1 Review

Flashcards covering topics from NUR201 Exam 1 review, including vulnerable populations, health disparities, QSEN competencies, nursing process, roles of the nurse, nursing pioneers, basic principles of ethics, levels of care, collaboration, the Affordable Care Act, payer systems, acute vs. chronic illness, morbidity vs. mortality, stages of illness behavior, human dimensions of health, and models of health and illness.

Vulnerable Population

African American, Hispanic population, homeless.

Health Disparities

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social economic, and or environmental disadvantage.

QSEN Competencies

Promoting safety and quality in response to concerns about the safety and quality of client care in the USA, assists nursing programs in preparing nurses to provide safe, high-quality care.

Safety

The minimization of risk factors that could cause injury or harm while promoting high-quality care and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self, and others.

Patient-centered care

The provision of caring and compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses clients' psychosocial, sociological, spiritual, and cultural needs; the decision-making process.

Evidence-based practice

The use of current knowledge from research and other credible sources on which to base clinical judgment and client care.

Informatics

The use of information technology as a communication and information-gathering tool that supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based nursing practice.

Quality Improvement

Care-related and organizational processes that involve the development and implementation of a plan to improve healthcare services and better meet patient needs.

Teamwork and Collaboration

The delivery of client care in partnership with interprofessional members of the health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive outcomes.

Nurse Practice Act

A legal and regulatory body created and applicable in each state that promotes care and safety by caring for a patient or client.

Code of Ethics for Nurses

Developed by ANA in 1896, these are rules for nurses about clients, behaviors to protect clients, and the profession.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Physiologic (food, water), Safety and Security (house), Love and belonging (friends, family, couple), Self-esteem (patient values, setting goals), self-actualization (sense of direction and hope and maximize patient potential).

Nurse (Latin: Nutrix)

A person who nourishes, fosters, and protects and who is prepared to take care of sick, injured, older, and dying people.

Caregiver Role

Administering medication to clients recovering from surgery, ensuring they are comfortable, and monitoring their vital signs.

Communicator Role

Explaining a new diagnosis to clients and their families, answering their questions, and providing emotional support.

Teacher/Educator Role

Creating a diabetes management plan for patients, teaching them how to monitor their blood sugar levels, and advising on dietary changes.

Counselor Role

Helping clients cope with a chronic illness by discussing their feelings, providing information about support groups, and guiding them through decision-making.

Leader Role

Leading a team of nurses during a busy shift, prioritizing and efficiently managing client care.

Researcher Role

Conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new wound care technique and presenting the findings to improve nursing practices.

Advocate Role

Speaking up for a patient’s right to receive pain management treatment, ensuring their needs and preferences are respected.

Collaborator Role

Coordinating with doctors, physical therapists, and social workers to create a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient transitioning from hospital to home care.

Clara Barton

Started the American Red Cross.

Clara Barton

Army Nurse- Established the American Red Cross in 1882

Dorothea Dix

Mental health advocate.

Margaret Sanger

NY, Birth control, planned parenthood

Virginia Henderson

shaped nursing education through the application of her Need Theory.

Anna Caroline Maxwell

known for making field hospitals much more conducive to the health of wounded patients during battle.

Linda Richards

As the first professionally trained nurse in the United States, she established nursing training programs in the United States and Japan and created the first system for keeping individual medical records for hospitalized patients.

Mary Breckinridge

dedicated her life to improving the health of women and children

Goldie D. Brangman

Was a nurse anesthetist, the cofounder of the School of Nurse Anesthesia at Harlem Hospital in 1951, first black woman.

Linda Richards

became the 1st trained nurse in the US. Began the practice of record keeping and order writing.

Goldie D. Brangman

Was a nurse anesthetist, the cofounder of the School of Nurse Anesthesia at Harlem Hospital in 1951, first black woman.

Lillian Wald

Founder of public health nursing

Linda Richards

became the 1st trained nurse in the US. Began the practice of record keeping and order writing.

Community agencies

Public health, Home care, Hospice, Community mental health centers, Dialysis centers

Advocacy

Supporting and defending clients' health, wellness, safety, wishes, and personal rights, including privacy.

Responsibility

Willingness to respect obligations and follow promises.

Accountability

The ability to answer for one’s actions.

Confidentiality

Protection of privacy without diminishing access to high-quality care.

Autonomy

Patient freedom of choice.

Beneficence

An action that promotes good for others, without any self-interest.

Fidelity

Fulfillment of promises.

Justice

Fairness in care delivery and use of resources.

Nonmaleficence

A commitment to not harm.

Veracity

A commitment to tell the truth.

Preventive Care

Focus on educating and equipping clients to reduce and control risk factors for disease.

Primary Care

Common health problems, emphasizes health promotion and includes prenatal and well-baby care, family planning, nutrition counseling, and disease control.

Secondary Care

Involves problems that require more clinical expertise and includes the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury.

Tertiary Care

Involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care.

Restorative Care

Follow-up care and rehabilitation

Continuing Care

Long-term or chronic health care.

LPN

Licensed practical nurse or vocational nurse.

APN

Advanced practice nurse consisting of NP, CRN, CNS, CNM.

PPACA-AFFORDABLE CARE ACT

deals with the health insurance marketplace, the shortage of providers, legislation addressing healthcare access, and caring for persons who are undocumented.

PPACA Goals

Expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve health care delivery.

Multi-payer system

Include multiple entities including insurance companies and government programs such as Medicaid paying for healthcare systems.

Single Payer system

A single government entity finances for a population.

Diagnosis-related group (DRGs)

Patient classification system used in the USA by Medicare to categorize hospital patients into groups based on their diagnosis procedure.

Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs)

A system used to categorize and classify individuals in long-term care facilities, particularly SNF (skilled nursing facilities), based on their clinical and functional status.

Bundled Payments

A reimbursement method where providers receive a fixed payment for a specific episode of care, such as surgery or treatment.

Rate Setting

The process in which an authority, usually a state agency or government, establishes the payment for healthcare services.

Comparative Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

A process that evaluates and compares the benefits and harms of different treatments or interventions for the same condition.

Increasing Client Cost Sharing

Adjusting how much clients contribute to the overall cost of services or products.

Acute Illness

Rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time.

Chronic Illness

Slow onset, sometimes with periods of remission and exacerbation, requires a long period of support.

Morbidity

How frequently a disease occurs.

Mortality

Number of deaths from a disease.

Stages of Illness Behavior

Experiencing symptoms, assuming the sick role, assuming a dependent role, achieving recovery and rehabilitation.

Physical Dimension of Health

Genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender.

Emotional Dimension of Health

How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions.

Intellectual Dimension of Health

Cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences.

Environmental Dimension of Health

Housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water.

Sociocultural Dimension of Health

Economic level/lifestyle, family culture, neighbors.

Spiritual Dimension of Health

Spiritual beliefs/values.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Things a person can change, like lifestyle choices.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Things that cannot be changed, like age or genetics.