Body temperature: Homeostasis and response: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

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15 Terms

1

Homeostasis

The regulation of conditions in a cell or organism in order to optimally respond to internal and external changes

<p>The regulation of conditions in a cell or organism in order to optimally respond to internal and external changes</p>
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2

Body temperature

The amount of heat in the body which is controlled by homeostasis to ensure cells and enzymes function properly

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3

Enzymes and colder temperatures

Enzymes work best at their optimum temperature, if it becomes too cold the enzymes will not have enough energy for successful reactions

<p>Enzymes work best at their optimum temperature, if it becomes too cold the enzymes will not have enough energy for successful reactions</p>
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4

Enzymes and hotter temperatures

Enzymes work best at their optimum temperature, if it becomes too hot the enzymes will denature and be unable to function

<p>Enzymes work best at their optimum temperature, if it becomes too hot the enzymes will denature and be unable to function</p>
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5

Blood temperature

Temperature of the blood is normally around 37 degrees celsius, which is the optimal temperature for human enzyme activity

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6

Thermoregulatory centre

The area of the brain that is sensitive to the temperature of the blood

<p>The area of the brain that is sensitive to the temperature of the blood</p>
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7

Temperature receptors

Cells which respond to temperature changes in the skin and body

<p>Cells which respond to temperature changes in the skin and body</p>
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8

Nervous impulses

Electrical signals that are sent from temperature receptors to the thermoregulatory centre during a response to temperature change

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9

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels which increases the amount of blood near the skin's surface, allowing more heat to be transferred to the surroundings

<p>The widening of blood vessels which increases the amount of blood near the skin's surface, allowing more heat to be transferred to the surroundings</p>
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10

Sweat

The liquid produced by the sweat glands which reduces heat energy from the skin as it evaporates

<p>The liquid produced by the sweat glands which reduces heat energy from the skin as it evaporates</p>
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11

Sweat glands

Glands located in the skin that are responsible for the production of sweat

<p>Glands located in the skin that are responsible for the production of sweat</p>
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12

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels that reduces the amount of blood near the skin's surface, allowing less heat to be transferred to the surroundings

<p>The narrowing of blood vessels that reduces the amount of blood near the skin's surface, allowing less heat to be transferred to the surroundings</p>
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13

Shivering

The rapid involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle which leads to increased respiration rates and energy released as heat

<p>The rapid involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle which leads to increased respiration rates and energy released as heat</p>
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14

If body temperature is too high

Blood vessels vasodilate and skin releases sweat

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15

If body temperature is too low

Blood vessels vasoconstrict and shivering starts

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