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Why memory location isn’t moved in RAM
Relocating a program requires updating all memory addresses, which is time-consuming and can cause fragmentation, so operating systems usually avoid moving running programs.
Paging
Paging splits a program into fixed-size pages, which can be loaded into any free memory frames, avoiding fragmentation.
Segmentation
Segmentation splits a program into logical segments, which can be loaded into scattered blocks memory, making efficient use of RAM.
Virtual Memory
Uses secondary storage to hold parts of programs when RAM is full, allowing larger programs to run and giving the appearance of more memory.