Republic Act 1425 and 19th Century Philippines Context

Vocabulary flashcards covering Republic Act 1425, 19th-century socio-political background in the Philippines, and Jose Rizal's early family history and childhood.

Claro M. Recto

The author and main proponent of Republic Act 1425, born on February 8, 1890, who was a Filipino statesman, jurist, poet, and patriot known as the 'abogado-milagroso'.

Jose P. Laurel

The sponsor of Republic Act No. 1425 in the Philippine Congress.

Republic Act No. 1425

An act mandating the inclusion of courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities.

Section 1 of RA 1425

The provision mandating students in all public or private schools, colleges, and universities to read Rizal's two greatest novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Section 2 of RA 1425

The provision mandating schools to keep an adequate number of copies of Rizal's works in their libraries.

Section 3 of RA 1425

The provision ordering the Board of National Education to publish Rizal's works in English, Tagalog, and other major Philippine languages.

Section 4 of RA 1425

The provision prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by persons engaged in any public school.

Section 5 of RA 1425

The provision appropriating a sum of 300 thousand pesos to carry out the purposes of the law.

Act No. 137

An act that organized a politico-military district and named it as the province of Rizal.

Act No. 243

An act authorizing a public subscription for the erection of a monument in honor of Rizal at Luneta.

Act No. 345

An act setting aside the anniversary of Rizal's death as a day of observance.

Manila Galleon Trade

A 250-year trade route (1565 to 1815) between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico, that exchanged Mexican silver primarily for Asian goods like silk, spices, and porcelain.

Fray Andres De Urdaneta

The Spanish navigator who discovered the eastward return trade route across the Pacific Ocean from the Philippines to Acapulco in 1565.

Suez Canal

A 163-kilometer artificial waterway opened in 1869 that reduced the sea travel distance between Europe and the Philippines, cutting travel time to 30 days.

Mercantilism

An economic doctrine before the 19th century based on the theory that a nation's wealth and power are measured by its stock of gold and silver.

Laissez Faire

An economic policy promoting free market trade without government intervention, which replaced mercantilism in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Ilustrados

The educated class of native middle-class Filipinos created during the late Spanish period who were able to pursue higher studies in Manila and abroad.

Alcalde Mayor

The official who headed a province (alcaldia) during the Spanish regime, exercising both executive and judicial functions.

Gobernadorcillo

The head official of a town (pueblo) during Spanish rule whose primary responsibility was tax collection.

Cabeza de Barangay

The head of a barrio or barangay whose duties included collecting taxes and maintaining peace and order.

Ayuntamiento

The city government system during the Spanish colonial period headed by a Cabildo or City Council.

Frailocracia

A term describing the political condition during the Spanish colonial era in which civil authorities feared and were subordinate to the influence and power of religious friars.

Guardia Civil

A corps of native police organized in 1867 under Spanish officers to handle outlaws, later known for making summary arrests.

Filibustero

A term used during the Spanish era in the Philippines to designate individuals considered enemies of the government.

Erehes

A term used during the Spanish colonial period to designate individuals considered enemies of the Catholic Church.

Residencia

A administrative judicial trial conducted at the end of an outgoing Governor-General's term to account for his official actions.

Visitador

An official sent by the Spanish Crown to investigate specific complaints against colonial administrators, including the Governor-General.

Polo y Servicio

A system of forced labor imposed on Filipinos by the Spanish colonial government and Catholic Church.

Limpieza de Sangre

The social stratification doctrine based on 'purity of blood' that ranked individuals based on their racial origins.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain who resided in the Philippines and held the highest social status.

Insulares

Spaniards born in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.

Indios

The brown-skinned native inhabitants who formed the majority of the population during the Spanish period.

Educational Decree of 1863

A Spanish government decree mandating the establishment of one elementary school for boys and one for girls in each town, along with a normal school for training teachers.

Laong Laan

A pen name used by Jose Rizal, meaning 'matagal nang handa'.

Dimasalang

A pen name used by Jose Rizal, meaning 'hindi masalang' or 'hindi mahuli, mapipigil'.

Francisco Mercado Rizal

Jose Rizal's father, born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna, described by Rizal as 'a model of fathers'.

Teodora Alonso

Jose Rizal's mother and his first non-formal teacher, who taught him prayers and the alphabet on her lap at age three.

Domingo Lam-co

Jose Rizal's Chinese paternal great-great-grandfather from Amoy, China, who adopted the surname Mercado.

Paciano Rizal

The only brother of Jose Rizal and his closest adviser and supporter throughout his life.

Concepcion Rizal

Jose Rizal's younger sister, affectionately called 'Concha', whose death in 1865 at age three was his first childhood sorrow.

Trinidad Rizal

Jose Rizal's sister who served as the keeper of his final poem, Mi Ultimo Adiós.

Sa Aking Mga Kababata

The first known Tagalog poem written by Jose Rizal during his early childhood.

Leon Monroy

A former classmate of Don Francisco Mercado who lived at the Rizal home as Jose's private tutor in Spanish and Latin before dying five months later.