Types of Communication and Modes of Appeal

What is this

Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication

What is this

Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle

What are the 3 types of communication

• accidental

• expressive

• rhetorical

Accidental Communication

speaker is unaware of the message being sent

Accidental communication could also be called intentional communication

False, unintentional

Nonverbal communication is an example of expressive communication

False, accidental communication

Tone and word choice is an example of elf accidental communication

True

Expressive Communication

self-centred communication that focuses on the speaker’s needs and ignores the audience’s needs, expectations, and values

Expressive communication relies on rational choice rather than impulse

False, relies on impulse rather than rational choice

Expressive communication is impulsive and can damage relationships

True

Accidental communication arises from a (negative) emotional state

False, expressive communication

Rhetorical Communication

goal-oriented, intentional, pragmatic, purposeful communication that seeks meaning and benefit for the audience

Rhetorical communication connects speakers’ purpose to audience’s needs

True

Accidental communication requires conscious and conscientious choices

False, rhetorical communication

In rhetorical communication, the speaker adapts their message according to the audience and context

True

Rhetorical communication is sometimes ethical communication

False, always ethical

Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric

The ability to figure out the most appropriate means of persuasion in any situation

Modes of Appeal

tools/strategies that a speaker can use to design a message

Modes of appeal exist outside the message and describe the choices made by the speaker to be persuasive

False, exist within the message

What are the 3 Modes of Appeal

1. Logos

2. Pathos

3. Ethos

Logos

Appeals based on the logical development of ideas where the speaker’s choices are made to produce a well-structured, well-supported, and well-positioned message

The evidence used to support claims is an example of ethos appeal

False, logos

Audience finds the arrangement of evidence in a logos appeal to be most effective

True

Logos appeals on their own can persuade anyone

False, will not persuade all people

Pathos

Appeals based on the audience’s needs, wants, expectations, and emotions that are aimed to attract the audience to the logical argument

Ethos appeal includes strategies that show the audience how claims are important to them

False, pathos appeal

Ethos

Appeals based on establishing the credibility and good character of the speaker

What are strategies to demonstrate good will, good character, and good judgement

Good judgement - developing a logical argument

Good will - understanding the audience’s needs and values

Good character - showing that the speaker is trustworthy

Ethos appeal would include strategies to demonstrate good will, good character, and good judgement

True

In Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle, ethos would be paired with ‘speaker’

True

In Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle, pathos would be paired with ‘message’

False, pathos would be paired with audience

In Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle, logos would be paired with ‘message’

True

What is “The Critical Question” to ask when dissecting a message you have received

Who is saying what to whom (and who benefits)?