A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
An animal, but NOT a plant
A bacterium
A plant, but NOT an animal
A plant OR an animal
d. A plant OR an animal
The diagram below shows a bilayer which makes up most membranes. What are the molecules shown in the diagram?
Phospholipids
Protein
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
a. Phospholipids
Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
lysosomes
a. Chloroplasts
Use the above figure to answer the question. In the last (third diagram), which direction will water move? (Extracellular fluid = 3.0% NaCl and Blood Cell = 0.9% NaCl)
Out of the RBC causing it to shrink
Into the RBC causing it to shrink
Out of the RBC causing it to swell
Into the RBC causing it to swell
d. Into the RBC causing it to swell
A patient has a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. To replenish his body fluids, distilled water equal to the volume of blood lost is transferred directly into the patient. What will be the probable result fo the distilled water transfusion?
The patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the patient cells
The patient’s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the patient cells
The patient’s red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the patient cell
The patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the patient cells
b. The patient’s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the patient cells
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Transport vesicles
Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT
Ribosome
DNA
Plasma membrane
An endoplasmic reticulum
d. An endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is found in all prokaryotic cells, but not found in all eukaryotic cells?
A plasma membrane for selective transport
Proteins synthesized by ribosomes
A cell wall
DNA as genetic information
A semifluid matrix of the cytoplasm
c. A cell wall
When molecules move through a plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by way of a carrier protein, it is called
Active transport
Exocytosis
Osmosis
Endocytosis
facilitated diffusion
e. facilitated diffusion
Which of the following would move through the cell membrane most RAPIDLY?
An amino acid
Starch
Glucose
CO2
d. CO2
Use the following diagram to answer the question. What direction will the solute diffuse across the semipermeable membrane?
From the left to right
The molecules will not diffuse, they are equilibrium
From right to left
a. From the left to right
______ transport moves material against the concentration gradient, requiring ______
Passive, ATP (energy)
Sodium, energy
Facilitated, proteins
Active, ATP (energy)
a. Active, ATP (energy)
Which of the following is not an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Actin
Nucleus
d. Actin
Water diffuses through small channels in the plasma membrane called
Transport proteins
Aquaporins
Nonpolar proteins
Sodium-potassium pumps
Nuclear pores
b. Aquaporins
The sodium-potassium pump requires a transport protein and energy. Therefore, it is an example of
Osmosis
Exocytosis
active transport
simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
c. active transport
Which one of the following transport mechanisms requires energy?
Transport of O2 across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Transport of water across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Transport of sodium ions against their concentration gradient (low to high)
c. Transport of sodium ions against their concentration gradient (low to high)
If proteins were not sent to the correct location in a cell, you would suspect a malfunction in the lysosome
False
True
a. False
You are observing an amoeba cell, you notice clear droplets being taken up by vesicles at the edge of the cell. You would conclude that amoeba can perform
Osmosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Diffusion
c. Pinocytosis
Written: You are labeling the parts of the cell model. If you were asked to label the location of DNA in a eukaryotic cell, you would mark the
Nucleus
The cell membrane is referred to as “selectively” permeable because
Anything can pass through it as long as it is not harmful to the cell
It allows some materials to pass through it while preventing others from passing
It is a COMPLETE barrier between the cell and outside environment
b. It allows some materials to pass through it while preventing others from passing
What is the function of cholesterol in the animal cell membrane?
Stores energy
Speeds up diffusion
Facilitates transport of ions
Maintains membrane fluidity
d. Maintains membrane fluidity
Large number of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize which of the following molecules?
Lipids
Proteins
Starches
Steroids
b. Proteins
What structures are found within bacterial cells?
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Plasmodesmata
a. Ribosomes
_____ function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules made in the cell
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi bodies
Lysosomes
d. Golgi bodies
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT
An endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
a. An endoplasmic reticulum
Which structures in the site of the synthesis of proteins may be exported from the cell?
Lysosomes
Tight junctions
Golgi vesicles
Rough ER
d. Rough ER
Cyanide binds with at least one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Following exposure of the cell to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found in?
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
a. Mitochondria
If you wanted to design a drug to prevent prokaryotic cells from attaching to substrates, which structure should the drug inhibit?
Ribosome
Pili
Capsule
Nucleoid
Flagella
b. Pili
Celery stalks are immersed in fresh water for several hours and become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that cells of the celery stalks
Hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution
Hypertonic to the fresh but hypotonic to the salt solution
Hypotonic to both fresh water and salt solution
Hypertonic to both fresh water and salt solution
b. Hypertonic to the fresh but hypotonic to the salt solution
The movement of ions across the membrane down a concentration gradient using an ion channel is an example of
Active transport
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
e. facilitated diffusion
The organelle that contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of cells are called
Secretory vesicles
Golgi complexes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Nuclei
d. Lysosomes
If a fellow student told you that they had an animal cell under the microscope, the presence of what structure would tell you that was wrong
Central vacuole
Nucleus
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Chromosome
a. Central vacuole
If you were grading an exam question about the plasma membrane, which answer would lose points?
Cholesterol affects the fluid nature of the membrane
It has a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic regions that faces water
Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move
It surrounds all living cells
Transmembrane proteins span the membrane
c. Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move
Written: A semifluid matrix, called fills the inside of the cell
Cytoplasm
Which process enables a white blood cell to ingest a bacterium?
Diffusion
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Osmosis
Active transport
b. Phagocytosis
Without the nucleolus, which of the following would not occur?
Photosynthesis
Protein packaging for export
Ribosome subunit assembly
Genetic variation
c. Ribosome subunit assembly
What type of molecule passes through a cell membrane most easily?
Large polar
Ionic
Small and hydrophobic
Large and hydrophobic
c. Small and hydrophobic
Written: In addition to a plasma membrane, plant cells have ## which protect and support the plant cell
cell wall
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
Diffusion
active transport
Filtration
Osmosis
a. Diffusion
A plant’s central vacuole function is
Capturing energy from sunlight
Packaging molecules for export from the cell
Storing water, sugars, and ions
Manufacturing sugars
Storing the genetic information of the cell
c. Storing water, sugars, and ions
What structures are found within bacterium
Plasmodesmata
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
Many proteins are made and excreted from the cell. Using the list, put the cellular events in order
Vesicles containing proteins and lipids fuse with the Golgi bodies
Vesicles pinched off from the Golgi to carry the molecule to designated location
Proteins and lipids are made on the ER membrane and put in vesicles
The golgi bodies tag the molecules to signal their ultimate delivery
D, c, a, b
D, b, a, c
A, c, b, d
C, a, d, b
B, a, c, d
iv. C, a, d, b
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that will be transported from the cell?
Tight junctions
Golgi vesicles
Rough ER
lysosomes
c. Rough ER
An extensive system of internal membranes, called the ____, is where carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured, and proteins are made that will be exported from the cell
Mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Golgi complex
b. endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle stores water and waste products and is responsible for producing rigidity in plant cells called turgor pressure
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
Lysosomes
a. Vacuole
For each of the following definitions or descriptions of cell transport, choose the best answer
The movement of any substance along a concentration gradient (high to low) —-----
The release of large amounts of substance on the OUTSIDE of the cell —----
The movement of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane —-------
a. simple diffusion
b. exocytosis
c. osmosis
Which process enables a white blood cell to ingest a bacterium?
Osmosis
Phagocytosis
Diffusion
Pinocytosis
Active transport
b. Phagocytosis
Choose the correct organelle that matches the function (Not a multiple choice question)
---- Stacks of flattened membrane that store, alter, and package proteins
---- Membranous channels without ribosomes that synthesize lipids and carbohydrates
---- Vesicles that contain powerful enzymes that remove pathogens and damaged organelles
---- Produces 95% of the ATP required by the cell
---- Organelle that functions as a site of protein synthesis
a. golgi apparatus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. lysosome
d. mitochondria
e. ribosome
The organelles that contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of cells are called
Vacuoles
Nuclei
Golgi complexes
Lysosomes
Secretory vesicles
d. Lysosomes
List the three major principles of the cell theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the smallest living things
Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells
Red blood cell lysis will occur when placed into a(n) ____ solution
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
a. Hypotonic
Why are most cells so tiny? (Written response)
(This answer comes from the internet) “Cells are so little, so they can maximize their ratio of surface area to volume. Smaller cells have a higher ratio which allow more molecules and ions move across the cell membrane per unit of cytoplasmic volume.Cells are so small because they need to be able to get the nutrients in and the waste out quickly”
The diagram below shows a bilayer which makes up most membranes. What are… the diagram? (Picture needed)
Carbohydrates
Protein
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
d. Phospholipids
The passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient in a random movement is called (Written response)
simple diffusion
Which of the following organelles is NOT a common destination for small vesicles that bud off the golgi apparatus?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Plasma membrane
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
When a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, expelling its contents outside of the cell, this process is known as
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Endocytosis
Active transport
a. Exocytosis
Oxidative metabolism, that provides ATP for cellular energy, occurs in the
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Nuclei
a. Mitochondria
Select the membrane molecule that is made up of a polar region with two nonpolar fatty acid tails
Cholesterols
Transmembrane proteins
Cell surface proteins
Carbohydrate chains
Phospholipids
e. Phospholipids
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for aiding passage of polar molecules into and out of the cell
Transmembrane proteins
Cell surface proteins
Cholesterols
Phospholipids
Carbohydrate chains
a. Transmembrane proteins
If you were to place a cell in a hypertonic solution, water would rush in the cell and burst
False
True
a. False
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have many similarities. Which of the following characteristics only pertains to chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
Circular DNA
Plasma membrane
Simple fission division
Site of oxidative metabolism
a. Site of photosynthesis
Written: The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the _____
Nuclear envelope
The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell functions
as the site of RNA synthesis.
All of the answer choices are correct.
as the command center for the cell.
to house the nucleolus.
to store the cell's hereditary information.
b. All of the answer choices are correct.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?
it is a passive process in which molecules move from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration
it is a passive process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
it occurs rapidly over long distances
it requires energy
b. it is a passive process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration