AP World History Exam Review

These flashcards cover topics on the AP World History Exam.

What is the main idea behind filial piety?

If people can honor ancestors, then they can honor their rulers.

How did the Song Dynasty use Neo-Confucianism?

They implemented Neo-Confucianism, with the influence of Buddhist and Daoist philosophical ideas.

What happened to legal rights of women in China during the Song Dynasty?

Legal rights of women were restricted and property became the husband's.

What was the significance of foot binding?

It was prevalent among elite members, as if wife couldn’t do work, then the family was rich enough to hire servants

What was the purpose of Civil Service Exam?

To ensure that bureaucracy had only qualified men and increased competency and efficiency of bureaucratic tasks.

What kind of relationship Korea had with China?

Korea maintained tributary relationship with China, maintaining friendly political and economic ties.

What were some of Korea's influences?

Similar civil service exam, Confucian principles, and further marginalized role of women.

What were some of Japan's influences from China

Imperial bureaucracy, Buddhism in Japanese elites, and the Chinese writing system.

What were some of Vietnam's influences from China?

Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese literary techniques, and civil service exam.

What are the beliefs about the 4 Noble Truths?

Life is suffering, we suffer because we crave, we cease suffering when we cease craving, and the 8-fold path leads to the cessation of suffering and craving.

How were Buddhist teachings offered in Mahayana Buddism?

Buddhist teachings were made available to all.

What happened during the Commercialization of Economyin Song Dynasty?

Song China produced more goods than they needed to survive and then sold excess on the world market, and used paper money.

What kind of agricultural innovation occurred in the Economy in Song Dynasty?

Champa Rice was introduced through Vietnam, which was drought resistant and harvestable twice a year, leading to population explosion.

What are some of the examples of the transportation innovations?

Expanded Grand Canal (linked Yellow and Yange Se rivers), magnetic compass, new shipbuilding techniques, such as the Junk ships.

What are the 3 main religions discussed in Dar-al-Islam notes?

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

What are some of the characteristics of the Islamic states?

New Islamic states were largely made up of Turkic people, not Arabs. Military in charge of administration, and implemented Sharia Law.

What are the characteristics of Hinduism?

Dominant in India, polytheistic, ultimate goal is to reunite their souls with Brahma, structuring Indian society with the caste system.

What are the characteristics of the Bhakti Movement?

Encouraged believers to worship one particular god of all the Hindu gods, rejected hierarchy of Hinduism, encouraged spiritual experiences to all people, regardless of social status.

What are the characteristics of Sufism?

More mystical, spiritual experience-based version of Islam.

What happened as Buddhism declined in South Asia?

Had become more exclusive, only followers going for Nirvana were Buddhist monks.

Why did the Delhi Sultanate struggle with imposing Islam on India?

Hinduism was too far entrenched; Islam remained a minor religion.

How did the Srivijaya Empire became filthy rich?

Controlled Strait of Malacca, which was the only passage between South/SE Asia and China/Japan, and placed taxes.

What syncretism occurred in Khmer Empire?

Built Angkor Wat, that later added Buddhist influences into the same building.

Which Mesoamerican Civilzation built huge urban centers, had the most sophisticated writing system, had advanced mathematics, including working with the concept of zero?

Maya Civilizations

Why where there frequent warring in Mayan Civilizations?

The state structure was basically a decentralized collection of cit-states that were frequently at war with one another

What was the main motivation for human sacrifice?

Believed that Sun was a deity, and that human sacrifice is needed to recharge the Sun

What happened when Mexica people migrated South at the beginning of the 14th century?

Built up their military prowess and strategically married into more powerful families, thus establishing the Aztec Empire

Where are Chaco & Mesa Verde Civilizations establishes?

Southwest portion of the present U.S.A, developing innovative way of transporting and storing water

How did great zimbabwe participate in Indian Ocean trade?

Facilitated by controlling several ports on the coast, mainly exporting gold

What are the common characteristics of Swahili and Hausa?

Urbanized and commercialized, acted as middlemen for goods grown in the interior which they integrated into trade patterns with other states across West and North Africa, each state ruled by a king who impose social hierarchies on their societies, rulers converted to Islam which further facilitated trade with Muslim merchants

How did the Silk Roads help merchants?

Merchants could deposit bills in one location and then withdraw the same amount in another location thus increasing the ease of travel and the security of transactions

Besides the caravanserai, what made it easier to travel?

Saddles introduced to make riding easier for long distances

What happened to the Song Dynasty?

Chinggis organized his army into groups of 10,000, 1,000, 100, and 10, making controlling the groups very efficient, Mongol’s weapon of choice was a stronger, deadlier bow and arrow and they could often outride their opponents on horseback

What did Kublai Khan do?

Set up a new Chinese Dynasty, namely the Yuan Dynasty.

Why did the Silk Roads became more organized and prosperous under Mongol Rule?

Entire trade route under Mongol control in improved infrastructure

What policy did the Mongols set up so the technology and ideas and culture could be moved?

Send skilled people to all different parts of the empire

Why did Indian Ocean Network expand?

Collapse of Mongol Empire, commercial practices, transportaion technologies

How did the knowledge of Monsoon winds helped sailing?

Improvements in shipbuilding. Chinese Junk ships could hold tons of cargo

How Islam was friendly to the merchant?

Facilitated increased trade in sea trade routes

Who was Zheng He?

Commissioned by the Ming Dynasty to explore the Indian Ocean and enroll other states in China’s tributary system Ships equipped with the latest in military tech like gunpowder cannons, which was later adopted by other regions

What causes Trans-Saharan routes to expand?

Transportation technologies, camels

During his Hajj, who was the leader that gave so much gold into Egyptian economy, that the value of gold diminished?

Mansa Musa

Buddhism changed mixing in with what?

Chinese Daoism resulted in Syncretism between the two religions led to the formation of Chan Buddhism.

How was Gunpowder transferred?

Spread by the Mongols, who replicated Chinese gunpowder and used it in their conquests

What happened to Baghdad, and Constantinople

Sacked and declined.

How did Pax mongolica increaseinterregional travel?

Happened due to increased safety of these routesLed to travelers traveling

Name some interregional travelers

Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo, Margery Kemp

What did the introduction of the bananas do?

Due to Indian Ocean Trade, they were brought over to East Africa, where the lush rainforests were perfect to grow bananas

What was the result of increased trade in the Pax mongolica?

Increased trade and communication in Eurasia when the Bubonic Plague erupted in Northern China

How gunpowder empires expand?

Adoption of gunpowder weapons

Why did the moroccans win in their fight?

The Moroccans easily won due to the advanced weaponry

What methods a ruler uses to communicate to all their subjects WHO is in charge

Legitimize methods

What measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups to claim it for him/herself

Consolidate

What did ottomans use devshirme system for?

Staff their imperial bureaucracy will highly trained individuals, most of whom were enslaved, that became Janissaries.

What effect did the Palace of Versailles give the french?

When people saw the massive grandeur of the palace, it made them believe that Louis was in charge

What did Martin Luther do?

Wrote a series of complaints known as the 95 theses announcing all the corrupt practices and doctrines he saw in the church

Where did the Catholic gathered after the spread of Luther's work?

Council of Trent and tossed out many of the corrupt practices

What change in South asia occurred woth Bhakti movement?

Had similar practices with the mystical movement in Islam, namely Sufism, leading to some exchange and bleeding of practices

What technological innovations helped Europe explore sea-based empires?

Magnetic compass, Astrolabe, Lateen Sail, Astronomical Charts

What european invovation helped dominate the sear?

Shipbuilding Innovations, Portugal created Caravel, Carracks, and Dutch created Fluyt

Why did European monarchs built their militaries, learned how to use gunpowder weapons and implemented more efficient ways to tax their people

To result of significant change in the distribution of power in European states

For states sponsoring maritime exploration was the increasing desire what?

Asian and Southeast Asian spices, most notably, pepper

What type of empire did portugal run?

Trading Post empire

What motivated Prince Henry to sponsor first maritime expedition?

Technology, Economics, and Religion.

Other States’ Empires had a need for what?

Alternative routes to Asia

When the Europe brought disease vectors(rats & mosquitos) with them, what resulted?

Since the indigenous population in North and South America had never experienced these diseases before, disease ended up devastating the population

What was the Method of agriculture in which food is grown primarily for export to other places known as?

Cash Crops

Name 4 Motives for Imperialism that happened for Europeans?

Gold, God, Glory

What allowed the Dutch to takeover as kings of the Indian Ocean, deposing of the Portuguese?

Fluyts

What was the difference between Spain and Portugal when it came to empire?

Portugal was content with set up small trading posts, while Spain set up full blown colonies

Tokugawa suppressed what?

The faith with violence

When the Portuguese came to trade in early 1500s in Ming China, what happened?

Could only do so through bribery and various underhanded tactics, then Ming Officials found out, expelled them, which further isolated China from the growing European dominance in the Indian OceanExpansion of African States

Enslaved Africans were transported by the millions to work on what?

Plantations in the Americas

What characterized colonial economies in the America?

Colonial economies were largely structured around agriculture

Define indentured servitude

Laborer could sign a contract to work for a set amount of time(usually 7 years)

How did slavery changed in the Americas?

To be identified as black meant to be identified as less than human, which provided the owners the justification to treat their slaves brutally with a clear conscience

This empire building tactic was a State driven economics system that emphasize the buildup of mineral wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade?

Mercantilism

What protected the financial investments of its owners, also called joint-stock companies 2.0?

Limited Liability Corporation

What are the Colonial plantations especially in the Caribbean specialized in?

The growth of sugarcane and with that abundance sugar

During that time, what type of labor helped maintained by the global flow of silver and trade monopolies?

Coerced Labor

Peasants were still what?

subsistence farmers, which means they grew only what they needed to survive

Polygeny is what?

Men marrying more than one women

What kind of culture synthesis happened in the Americas?

Creole Languages developed as a synthesis of European and African languages as these people were in different states or cultures.

What was the main objective of those people that led to expanding their empires and consolidate power?

to expand their empires and consolidate power under themselves, the various groups that suffered the effects of the expansion resisted, sometimes successfully, sometime unsuccessfully

What did the Fronde do?

Maroon communities served as an endless enticement for their workers to abandon the fields and flee threat from the growing power of the monarchy

Louis the 14th advertised what political doctrine?

Absolutism in which monarchs consolidated all power beneath themselves

Queen Ana Nzinga's main objective, was growin concerned over?

Relentless encroachment of Portuguese merchants in west africa

What did Pueblo was resulted in?

Suffered terrible abuses as a result of oppressive Spanish missionary efforts

Where were Maroon Societies?

Caribbean and Brazil

A key ingredient in this ENLIGHTENMENT was which type of the authority from outside a person to inside a person???

A key ingredient of this ENLIGHTENMENT was the questioning and re-examination of the role of religion in public life.Enlightenment thinkers, Christianity is a revealed religion shift of authoritycarried over from the Scientific Revolution, from outside a person to inside a person.

Which ideas are part of the Political Ideas?

Political Ideas are Individualism, Natural Rights and Social Contract.

Why some states trieed to use this growing nationalistic fervor?

Some states tried to use this growing nationalistic fervor to their advantage to foster a sense of unity among their people.

The Atlantic Revolutions and there inspired by what?

The Atlantic Revolutions and there inspired by Democratic Idealas

What kind of Revolutions there were Atlantic Revolutions??

American,French,Haitian and Latina Revolutions.

What are the causes Why Great Britain Came First..?

7 factors to consider; 1 Proximity to waterways, 2 Geographical.. Access abundant 5.Rapid Urbanization 6Legal Protection 7.Accumulation-Capital,

Great Britain Rapid Urbanization did not consider

Rapid -less, Farming -Mech, des cities Britain manufacturing Hum- Labor, Led-rural-urban for need jobs of cities , Rapid growth