Earth and Space Science: Weathering

Flashcards focusing on key concepts and definitions related to weathering as discussed in Earth and Space Science.

What is weathering?

Weathering is the process of breaking down minerals and rocks in place.

What are the two main types of weathering?

Physical (Mechanical) weathering and Chemical weathering.

What causes physical (mechanical) weathering?

Physical weathering occurs when minerals and rocks are broken into smaller pieces without changing their composition.

What is frost wedging?

Frost wedging, or ice wedging, is the process where water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands, forcing the cracks to widen.

How does chemical weathering differ from physical weathering?

Chemical weathering involves chemical changes to minerals, while physical weathering involves the physical breakdown of materials without altering their chemical composition.

What is hydrolysis?

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water loosens the chemical bonds within a mineral, leading to the formation of different minerals.

What mineral is very soluble in acidic solutions?

Calcite is soluble in acidic solutions.

Why does climate affect weathering rates?

Climate affects weathering rates because water and temperature are key factors; warmer and wetter climates generally lead to faster weathering rates.

What role do minerals play in weathering processes?

The minerals making up a rock determine the types of chemical weathering reactions possible and how rapidly they occur.

What is the effect of oxygen on weathering processes?

Free oxygen allows oxidation reactions to occur, which contribute to chemical weathering.