Chapter 2 Lesson 2: Plant Life Cycles
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60 Terms
life cycle
A series of different stages of development that all living things go through.
alternation of generations
The process of a plant life cycle moving between asexual and sexual stages.
spore
A cell that can grow into a new plant without being fertilized by another cell.
asexual stage
The stage in a moss life cycle that produces spores in capsules.
sexual stage
The stage in a moss life cycle that produces sperm and egg cells.
shady, moist soil
The type of soil where moss spores are most likely to grow.
fronds
The leaves of a fern plant where spore cases are found.
heart-shaped plant
The small plant that grows from a fern spore and has male and female parts.
angiosperm
A type of plant that produces flowers, seeds, and fruits.
flowers
The reproductive organs of an angiosperm that produce sperm and egg cells.
petals
The brightly colored outer parts of a flower that attract pollinators.
sepals
The green leaf-like parts that cover and protect a flower bud.
stamen
The male part of a flower that produces pollen grains.
pistil
The female organ of a flower where egg cells are produced.
filament
The thin stalk portion that makes up part of the stamen.
anther
The part at the top of the filament that produces pollen grains.
pollen
A yellow powder that contains sperm cells for plant reproduction.
stigma
The opening at the top of the pistil that receives pollen.
style
The long, necklike structure of the pistil that leads to the ovary.
ovary
The bottom part of the pistil where fertilization occurs and eggs are kept.
complete flower
A flower that has petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils.
incomplete flower
A flower that is missing one or more of the four main flower parts.
perfect flower
A flower that has both male and female reproductive parts.
imperfect flower
A flower that has only male parts or only female parts.
pollination
The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil of a flower.
pollinators
Animals that carry pollen between flowers while looking for nectar.
nectar
A sweet liquid made by flowers to attract bees and other animals.
wind-pollinated plant
A type of plant that has small, dull flowers and relies on the wind.
self-pollination
The process when a perfect flower with both male and female parts pollinates itself.
cross-pollination
The process when pollen from one plant travels to a flower on a different plant.
fertilization
The process where a sperm cell and an egg cell join to form a seed.
embryo
The beginning of a new offspring that is found inside a seed.
ovary
The part of the flower that becomes a fruit to protect the seeds.
cotyledon
The food supply inside a seed that surrounds the embryo.
seed coat
The tough outer covering that protects the inside of a seed.
germination
The development of a seed into a new plant when conditions are right.
seed dispersal
The movement or spreading of seeds to new locations away from the parent.
burrs
Sticky hooks on seeds that cling to animal fur to travel to new places.
monocot
A flowering plant that produces seeds with only one cotyledon.
dicot
A flowering plant that produces seeds with two cotyledons.
parallel veins
The pattern of veins found in the leaves of monocot plants.
branched veins
The pattern of veins found in the leaves of dicot plants.
multiples of three
The number of petals usually found on the flowers of monocot plants.
multiples of four or five
The number of petals usually found on the flowers of dicot plants.
gymnosperm
A plant that has seeds but does not produce flowers or fruits.
conifer
A gymnosperm that produces seeds in cones rather than flowers.
male cone
The type of conifer cone that releases powdery pollen into the wind.
female cone
The type of conifer cone that produces a sticky fluid to catch pollen.
naked seeds
The term for conifer seeds because they are not protected inside a fruit.
winglike structures
The structure that helps conifer seeds whirl through the air to the ground.
sunlight
One of the three conditions seeds need in order to sprout and grow.
space to grow
A condition seeds need to sprout that involves having enough room for growth.
digestive system
The process of a seed passing through an animal to reach a new location.
windflower
A type of plant with perfect but incomplete flowers that lack petals.
About 300,000
The total number of identified plant species currently on Earth.
About 250,000
The total number of angiosperm species identified on Earth.
bean plant
A common example of a dicot plant mentioned in the text.
corn plant
A common example of a monocot plant mentioned in the text.
ovary
The specific part of the flower where sperm and egg cells combine.
About 1,000
The number of seeds that can be produced by a single sunflower.