Musculoskeletal System

Medical Terminology

oste/o

bone

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

myel/o

bone marrow

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon (muscle to bone)

ligament/o

ligament (bone to bone)

burs/o

bursa, "bag", shock absorber between tendons and bones

my/o, myos/o

muscle

-malacia

softening

-porosis

porous

-asthenia

weakness, loss of strength

-trophy

development, stimulation, maintenance

-algia, algesia

pain

arthritis

joints start swelling

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune disease when body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing chronic inflammation resulting in severe joint damage and immobility

osteoporosis

too much calcium is dissolved rom bones caused by low estrogen and age, holes in bones

osteomalacia

soft bones, rickets

carpal tunnel syndrome

repetitive flexing movements might inflame and thicken ligament over the tunnel through the carpal bones trapping and compressing the nerve

tendonitis

repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle

rotator cuff tear

muscles around the shoulder joint that let the shoulder rotate tear the tendons and cause decreased mobility of the shoulder

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa that is between bones, causes pain and immobility in the joint area

muscular dystrophy

group of inherited diseases in which the muscles that control movement progressively weaken

myasthenia gravis

muscular weakness that is profound, autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions

lupus erythematosus

autoimmune disease where the body makes antibodies against many different types of organs and tissues and joints, butterfly shaped rash

orthopaedist

Treatment of children with musculoskeletal deformities in children with

Rheumatologist

treat joint diseases such as various forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis

Osteopath/osteopathic physician (D.O)

Arm of the medical profession that emphasizes influence of the musculoskeletal system and its interrelationship to other body systems along with other medical treatments used by MDs.

podiatrists

foot doctors that care for feet wounds, diabetic foot care, geriatrics, sports medicine

physical therapist

rehab specialists treating a multitude of medical problems including patients recovering from joint surgery, limb amputation, a stroke, heart attack and suffering with chronic neuromuscular disease

arthroscopy

fiberoptic instrument is introduced into a joint cavity in order to visualize surfaces of bones entering into a joint, find tears in internal joint structures and evaluate sources of inflammation

bone scan

A radioactive element in very small amounts, not enough to cause any radiation injury to the patient, is introduced into the blood stream. The specially selected element accumulates in bone and using a much more sophisticated version of the old Geiger Counter instrument, the distribution of the element is used to diagnose potential bone tumors among other bone pathologies.

Electromyography

a recording of muscle electrical activity, Fine needles are introduced into muscles in order to make recordings of contractile activity. This procedure is useful in evaluating causes of paralysis, diagnosing muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular disorders.

Muscle biopsy

Cutting out a small tissue sample of muscle in order to examine it under a microscope. This procedure can be useful in diagnosing muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular disorders.