Chapter 10: Computing Systems and Networks

**Computing Systems**

is when various types of computing devices, such as desktop or laptop computers, tablets, servers, routers, and/or sensors, plus software, work together for a use such as managing the power grid, traffic signals, a smart home, or a network such as the Internet.

*Routers*

are computing devices along a path that send the information along to the next stop on the path.

 Internet

is a network of networks.

interconnection of computer networks

The word Internet came from

Data streams

are information transmitted via the Internet. 

 end-to-end architecture

because the processing is done at each end.

host

Every device on a network is called a

Protocols

are a set of rules. 

TCP

creates the packets at the sending location and reassembles them at the receiving one.

UDP

is also built on top of IP similar to how TCP works with IP.

**Fault-Tolerant**

There is a lot of redundancy or duplication built into the Internet on purpose. 

World Wide Web (WWW)

is an application that runs on the Internet.

HTTP

is a protocol used by the World Wide Web. 

Sequential systems

cannot scale because each step runs after the one ahead of it finishes.

**Parallel Computing Systems**

 can be used to speed up the processing.

**Distributed Computing Systems**

This model can handle the speed and memory requirements for heavy-duty processing needs that a single computer cannot due to resource constraints.