MEDICAL ASEPSIS AND INFECTION CONTROL

ASEPSIS

The state of being free from living pathogenic organisms.

Medical Asepsis

Clean Technique

Medical Asepsis

Freedom from most pathogenic organisms

Medical Asepsis

Reduce transmission of pathogenic organisms from one patient-to another

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile Technique

Surgical Asepsis

Freedom from all pathogenic organisms

Surgical Asepsis

Prevent introduction of any organism into an open wound or sterile body cavity

Medical Asepsis

sometimes called clean technique

Medical Asepsis

based on maintaining cleanliness to prevent the spread on infectious diseases and to assure that the environment is as free of microorganisms as possible

1.Isolation precautions

2.Handwashing technique

3.Use of isolation gown ,facemask, face shield, booties and gloves

4.Concurrent and terminal disinfection

5.Control and teaching of visitors/relatives

6.Preventive vaccination, inoculation and medicines

7.Use of labor saving and efficient devices for aseptic practices

Methods of Medical Asepsis

INFECTION

Purposes of Medical Asepsis

1. To control _____.

CROSS INFECTION

Purposes of Medical Asepsis

2. To prevent _______ on hospital environment.

COMFORT

SAFETY

PYSCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Purposes of Medical Asepsis

3. To ensure patient’s ______,_______ and _______

SKIN & MUCOUS

BYPASSED

When the body is penetrated, natural barriers such as _______ and _______ are ________, making the patient susceptible to microbes that might enter

MICROBES

When the body is penetrated, natural barriers such as skin and mucous membranes are bypassed, making the patient susceptible to _____ that might enter

HAND HYGIENE

GLOVES

Perform________ and put on ______

STERIKITY

When invading sterile areas of the body, maintain the ______ of the body system

STERILE

When placing an item into a sterile area of the body, make sure the item is _____

SKIN

Even though _____ is an effective barrier against microbial invasion, a patient can become colonized with other microbes if precautions are not taken.

HAND HYGIENE

Perform ________ between patient contact

INTACT SKIN

CLEAN & DISINFECTED

When handling items that only touch patient’s ______, make sure item is _______ and _____

HEALTHCARE TEAM

ENVIRONMENT

The _______ and the _______ can be a source of contamination for the patient

HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

________ should be free from disease

SINGLE USE ITEMS

_________ can be a source of contamination

ENVIRONMENT

CLEAN

Patients ______ should be as ______ as possible

SURGICAL ASEPSIS (STERILE TECHNIQUE)

techniques to ensure the absence of pathogenic and other, potentially harmful microbes during an invasive procedure such as surgery

INVASIVE PROCEDURE

An ______ is any procedure in which entry is made into the body, for instance, placing a catheter or intubating a patient before surgery

• Know what is sterile

• Know what is not sterile

• Keep sterile and not sterile items apart

• Remedy contamination immediately

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

Four fundamental rules

1. Check expiration date

2. Place pack on a clean surface

3. Break seal and open pack

4. Unfold the first corner of the pack away from you , unfold both sides

5. Pull front portion of the wrap toward you and drop it

Sterility Check

Steps to follow in the opening of sterile packs

OPENED STERILE PACKAGE WITH STERILE ITEMS

are typically used in special radiographic procedure

DIRTY

Every case is considered _____ and the same infection control precautions are taken for all patients

CONTAMINATION

When _______ occurs, address it immediately

BREAKS

______ in technique are pointed out and action is taken to eliminate them.

HAND HYGIENE

a way of cleaning one's hands that substantially reduces potential pathogens (harmful microorganisms) on the hands

1. Handwashing

2. Antiseptic Handwash

3. Alcohol‐based Hand Rub

4. Surgical hand antisepsis

TYPES OF HAND HYGIENE

NEGATIVE

are present on patients and surfaces near patients.

DIRECT & INDIRECT

By _____ and _____ contact, patient germs contaminate healthcare provider hands

GERMS

survive and multiply on healthcare provider hands

DEFECTIVE HAND HYGIENE

results in hands remaining contaminated.

TOUCH/CONTAMINATE

Healthcare providers ______ another patient or surface that will have contact with the patient.

1.Inaccessible hand hygiene supplies

2.Lack of accountability

3.Lack of general support for hand washing practices in the workplace.

4. Skin irritation

5. Too busy

6. Glove use

7. Time constraint

Reasons why hand hygiene compliance is low

HANDWASHING (HAND TECHNIQUE)

is the simplest and yet most important thing that you can do to reduce the spread of disease and to keep you from getting sick.

CONSTANT RUBBING

The ________ action helps soap break down the grease and dirt that carry most germs. This way, your hands don’t just smell fresh, but you’ll also reduce the germ count on your hands by up to 99%

30-40 SECONDS

SOAP AND WATER

Proper hand washing means washing your hands for at least _________ with _____ and _______.

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Wash hands and wrists for 2 to 3 minutes.

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Hold hands in downward position while rinsing

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Use brush and cuticle stick on nails

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Dry hands with paper or clean cloth towel.

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Turn off hand faucets with paper or clean cloth towel

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Remove all jewelry

MEDICAL HANDWASHING

Remove jewelry (wedding and engagement rings usually remain)

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Wash hands, wrists and forearms for 10 min with brush (first surgical scrub of day).

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Hold hands in upward position while rinsing.

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Use cuticle stick on nails

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Dry hands with sterile towel

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Keep hands upright and do not touch anything until sterile gloves are applied.

1. Palm to palm

2. Back of the hands

3. Interlace fingers

4. Interlock fingers

5. Between index finger and thumb (both hands)

6. Finger tips on palm

7. Both wrists

8. Rinse the hands well under running water

9. Turn off water using paper towel/tissue

10.Dry wrist and hands using paper towels

HANDWASHING

CYCLE OF INFECTION

All factors involved in the spread of disease

INFECTIOUS ORGANISM

Pathogen

RESERVOIR OF INFECTION

Place where organisms can thrive

PORTAL OF ECIT

Any avenue available to exit the body

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION

Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host

PORTAL OF ENTRY

Any avenue available to enter the body

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

Person at risk for infection

OPEN A WINDOW

to increase air circulation, if possible.

ISOLATION PRECAUTION

First tier of transmission-based _________

PRECAUTION

The ______ used in the care of all hospitalized individuals regardless of their diagnosis or possible infectious status

BODY FLUIDS

Assumes all ______ are sources of infection

INFECTED

Assumes all patients are _____

HAND HYGIENE

_______ before and after all patient contact

NON TOUCH

The use of aseptic “______” technique for all invasive procedures, including appropriate use of skin disinfectants

REPROCESSING

_____ of reusable instruments and equipment

AWAY

Roll dirty line _____ from you

TOWARD

CENTER

The area most soiled is rolled ______ the _____ of the bed.

GLOVES

The nurse wears ____ when removing used linens

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS

the second tier of basic infection control and are to be used in addition to standard precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents for which additional precautions are needed to prevent infection transmission

DIRECT CONTACT

takes place through skin-to-skin contact, as well as kissing and sexual intercourse

DIRECT CONTACT

Can be touching with the hands

DIRECT CONTACT

When a person or animal with a disease or his blood or body fluids are touched

INDIRECT CONTACT

Transfer of pathogenic microbes by touching objects (called fomites) that have been contaminated by an infected person

INDIRECT CONTACT

These objects include dressings, instruments, clothing, dishes, or anything containing live infectious microorganisms

FOMITES

Objects that provide an avenue for indirect transmission of microbes

FOMITES

Contaminated inanimate objects

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

Indicates that residue from evaporated droplets of diseased microorganisms are suspended in air for long periods of time

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

This residue is infectious if inhaled by a susceptible host

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

The common cold, influenza, chickenpox, mumps, whooping cough (pertussis), tuberculosis (TB), covid19 are transmitted through this method

DROPLET CONTACT

Involves contact with infectious secretions that come from the conjunctiva, nose or mouth of a host or disease carrier as the person coughs, sneezes or talks

DROPLET

can travel from approximately 3-5 feet

3-5 feet

• Droplets can travel from approximately ______

VEHICLES

Includes food, water, drugs or blood contaminated with infectious microorganisms

VECTORS

Insect or animal carriers of disease

VECTORS

They deposit the diseased microbes by stinging or biting the human host

PRECAUTIONS SIGNS

serve as reminders for staff and visitors that patients are under airborne, contact or droplet precautions

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

Pathogenic organisms that remain suspended in air for long periods on aerosol droplets or dust include tuberculosis, varicella (chickenpox) and rubeola (measles)

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

Patient infected with pathogens that disseminate through the air are to be placed in a negative-pressure isolation room with the door closed

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

Health care practitioners should wear respiratory protection when entering the room

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

The type of respiratory protection should filter inspired air

INSPIRED AIR

The type of respiratory protection should filter _______

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

An infected patient leaving his or her room should wear a surgical mask, which filters expired air

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS

Used when caring for patients who are infected with pathogenic organisms as rubella, mumps, influenza and adenovirus