articulation test

resonance

Fundamental in speech production

is an acoustic response of air molecules within the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities to some source of sound

Air can be set into vibration in response to a sound from the larynx

resonating cavities

are pharyngeal, oral, nasal, air spaces between lips, teeth, cheeks

Movement of articulators change the shape of these resonators

act on sound at larynx

source filter theory

The combination of sound energy and the resonating cavity results in a shaped spectrum with broadband energy peaks. (forks)

Acoustic speech output results from a combination of:

A source of sound energy

Energy modulated by a transfer filter function

Determined by the shape/characteristics of the filter

whatever shape that energy is moving through dictates how energy will come out looking like

vocal tract

a series of tubes : pharynx, oral cavity(most important bc moveable articulators) and nasal cavity

sound

Shaping the vocal tract differently causes change in….

Tongue

Lower jaw (mandible)

Velum (soft palate)

Lips

Cheeks

Fauces and pharynx

Larynx and hyoid bone

what are the mobile articulators

Upper jaw (maxilla)

Alveolar ridge

Hard palate

Teeth

what are the immobile articulators

Mandible (lower jaw)

Unpaired bone (one bone)

Fuses at midline by 1 year of age

largest and strongest

holds teeth

Mandible (lower jaw)

what bone of the face is this?

symphysis mente or mental symphysis - where 2 halves combine

what is this landmark ?

corpus or body

what is this mandibular landmark

ramus

what is this mandibular landmark

ramus

Superior border of each of these separated by the mandibular notch

coronoid process- point of attachement for muscles

what is this mandibular landmark

condylar process- head articulates with cranial bones (TMJ)

what is this mandibular landmark

mylohyoid line

what is this mandibular landmark

angle

what is this mandibular landmark

Movements of the mandible and tongue result in modification of the size and acoustic characteristics of the oral cavity

houses lower teeth

point of attachement

foundation for tongue movement

mandible contributions to speech

Maxillae

Paired bones making the upper jaw

Also make up most of the hard palate, nose, and upper dental ridge

zygomatic process

what is this maxillae landmark

frontal process

what is this maxillae landmark

orbital process

what is this maxillae landmark

anterior nasal spine

what is this maxillae landmark

alveolar process

what is this maxillae landmark

palatine process

what is this maxillae landmark

intermaxillary suture(where two bones come together)

what is this maxillae landmark

palatine process

what is this maxillae landmark

premaxila, premaxillary suture

what is this maxillae landmark

nasal bones

located at the superior bridge of the nose

frontal bone

what bone is this

frontal bone

make up the forehead, bridge of eyebrows and superior portion of orbit

articulate with maxilla, nasal, zygomatic and parietal

orbital portion

parietal bone

Paired bones which overlay the parietal lobes

Form the middle portion of the brain case

Sagittal suture

Lamboidal suture

Squamosal/lateral suture

Coronal suture

parietal bone

what bone is this

sagittal suture

what is this

occipital bone

what bone is this

occipital bone

overlies the occipital lobe

makes up the posterior brain case

articulates with parietal, temporal and sphenoid

External occipital protuberance

Cerebral and cerebellar fossa

Foramen magnum

Condyles

Basilar part

foramen magnum

what is this

temporal bone

Covers the temporal lobe, which is extremely important for speech and language

Squamosal suture

Occipitomastoid suture

Temporal fossa

Divided into four segments

1.Squamous portion

- Zygomatic process

2.Mastoid portion

- Mastoid process

3.Tympanic portion

- Styloid process 

4.Petrous portion

temporal bone

what bone is this

styloid process

what is this

zygomatic process

what is this

mastoid process

what is this

articulation

bringing two things together

articulatory system

system of mobile and immobile articulators and you bring them close together in order to shape or produce speech sounds

pterygoid fovea

what landmark is this

palatine bones

1/4th of the hard palate is made up of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Contributes to formation of 3 cavities: Nasal cavity, Oral cavity, Orbital cavity

Posterior nasal spine and Nasal crest

Perpendicular plate

Horizontal Plate

Orbital process

palatine

what bone is this

perpendicular plate- projects upwards, lateral walls of posterior nasal cavity

what landmark is this

horizontal plate- run medially and come together at medial floor of nasal cavity

what landmark is this

vomer

Midline bone making up the inferior and posterior nasal septum

if broken its a deviated septum

vomer-

what bone is this

zygomatic bone

Commonly referred to as the ‘cheek bones’

Articulates with the maxillae, fontal bone, and temporal bone and makes up the lateral orbit

Maxillary process

Temporal process

Zygomatic arch

Frontal process

zygomatic bone

what bone is blue

temporal process

what landmark is this

zygomatic arch

what landmark is this

frontal process

what landmark is this

lacrimal bones- smallest and close to tearducts. make up part of orbital cavity

what bone is this

hyoid- connects phonatory and articulatory system

what bone is this

nasal conchae

Inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinates)- attached to maxilla

Middle nasal concha – attached to ethmoid

Superior nasal concha- attached to ethmoid

Inferior nasal concha

what landmark is this

Middle nasal concha

what landmark is this

Superior nasal concha

what landmark is this

ethmoid bone

what bone is this

perpendicular plate

what landmark is this

sphenoid bone

anterior to foramen magnum

one of the most complex bones in the skull

Contains:

Sphenoid sinuses

Lesser wings

Greater wings

Pterygoid processes

sphenoid

what bone is this

lesser wings

what landmark is this

greater wings

what landmark is this

medial pterygoid plate

what landmark is this

lateral pterygoid plate

what landmark is this

-Nasal

-Pharyngeal

-Oral

• Buccal

what are the Cavities of the Upper Vocal Tract

nasal cavity

Contained by the paired maxilla, palatine, ethmoid, and nasal bones

Divided by the nasal septum (vomer bone)

Contains:

• Turbinates covered with mucous membrane

• Beating and secreting epithelia

• Rich vascular supply

Nares (nostrils)

1. nasopharynx

2. oropharynx

3. laryngopharynx

what is the order of the 3 parts of the pharyngeal cavity

oral cavity

Hard palate:

Rugae:

Median raphe:

Soft palate (velum)

Anterior faucial pillars

Posterior faucial pillars

Palatine tonsils

Buccal Cavity (between teeth and cheeks/lips)

hard palate

what is this

rugae

what is this

median raphe

what is this

soft palate (velum)

what is this

anterior faucial pillars

what is this

posterior faucial pillars

what is this

palatine tonsils

what is this

buccal cavity

what is this

dentition

Housed in the alveoli of the maxillae and mandible

Incisors (2 pairs)

Cuspids (1 pair)

Bicuspids (2 pairs)

Molars (3 pairs)

four types of teeth are:

molars (3)

which teeth are these

bicuspids (2)

which teeth are these

cuspids (1)

which teeth are these

incisors (2)

which teeth are these

root

what is this

neck

what is this

crown

what is this

cementum

what is this

enamel

what is this

dentine

what is this

pulp

what is this

class I occlusion

what is a

class I malocclusion

what is b

class II malocclusion

what is c

class III malocclusion

wha is d

orbicularis oris

lip muscle

Serves as a point of insertion for other muscles

Completely encases mouth opening

Runs in a circle around the mouth

Superior and inferior portion

Contraction: closes oral opening

Sounds: m, p, b, (w)