Ch 1 Adaptive Quiz

Genetics is the study of heredity, how inherited variation is _____.

encoded, replicated, and expressed

Domestication of plants and animals first began about _____.

10,000–12,000 years ago

How many chromosome(s) do bacterial cells possess?

1

A private biotechnology company uses saliva samples to test DNA for modern ancestry, as well as whether a person has Neanderthal DNA. It also does testing to determine genetic predisposition to diseases like Parkinson and late-onset Alzheimer's. Therefore, the company uses _____ to determine what genes are a part of a person's complete genome sequence.

sequencing methods

The principles of inheritance were first discovered by which of the following?

Gregor Mendel

Evolution can be regarded as a two-step process: in the first step, genetic variation occurs, and in the second step, some genetic variants _____ in frequency whereas other variants _____ in frequency.

increase; decrease

Which topic would be covered within the subdiscipline of molecular genetics?

1. the effect of small numbers of individuals on changes in the frequencies of an allele

2. determining the probability that a couple who has one child with a genetic disorder will have another child with the same genetic disorder

3. a study of pedigrees to understand inheritance of a trait

4. determining the type of change in DNA that produced a mutation responsible for a genetic disease

4

The idea that particles carry genetic information from different parts of the body to the reproductive organs is known as which of the following?

pangenesis

What is the relationship between genes and alleles?

Alleles refer to the versions of a gene.

All of the following are examples of implications that all organisms have similar genetic systems EXCEPT

that each part of the body contains genetic information for that particular part

Which theory proposed that germ-line cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information?

germ-plasm theory

Chromosome mutations do all of the following EXCEPT

affect only a single gene.

The Dutch famine of 1944–1945 took place at the end of the World War II when Holland was occupied by Germany. This led to many of the children of women who were pregnant being smaller as compared to other generations. How can this be explained?

environmental factors

Which theory shares some conceptual overlap with pangenesis?

inheritance of acquired characteristics

What particularly controls the color of a cat's fur?

alleles

Through his experiments with breeding pea plants, Gregor Mendel was able to determine how dominant and recessive genes are inherited over a series of generations. This is an example of

transmission genetics.

Which of the following statements describes the theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Traits acquired in a person's lifetime become incorporated into the person's hereditary information which will be passed onto offspring.

How are DNA and RNA similar?

They both contain nucleotides.

What is the relation between genetics and evolution?

Evolution involves change in the frequency of genetic variants.

Which process results in the creation of gametes?

meiosis

Which of the following is a correct statement?

1. All cells are identical in their chemical and structural composition.

2. Prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells.

3. A major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is the presence or absence of a defined nucleus, respectively.

4. Prokaryotic cells have various membrane-bound cell organelles.

3

Pythagoras is credited with the idea that fathers contribute the essential characteristics to the offspring while the mothers only contribute the material substrate. Aristotle elaborated on Pythagora's theory, leading to the theory that each sperm carried a tiny human which grew to be larger in the female's body. This theory, now defunct, is known as ________.

preformationism

G. H. Hardy, a British mathematician, and Wilhelm Weinberg, a German physician, independently formulated a theorem that came to be known as the Hardy–Weinberg principle. This theorem states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. Which subdivision of genetics does the Hardy-Weinberg principle fall under?

population genetics

Doctors Jay and Maureen Neitz at the University of Washington developed a genetic cure for color blindness using squirrel monkeys as their model organisms. What type of biotechnological tool did they use to accomplish this?

gene therapy

Which theory has contributed the most to disprove the concept of blending inheritance?

Mendelian inheritance

Which of the following examples of scientists and subfields of genetics are matched INCORRECTLY?

Morgan—molecular genetics

Pangenesis

Genetic information travels from different parts of the body to reproductive organs; incorrent

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Acquired traits become incorporated into hereditary information; Incorrect

Performationism

Miniature organism resides in sex cells, and all traits are inherited from one parent; Incorrect

Blending inheritance

Genes blend and mix; Incorrect

Germ-plasm theory

All cells contain a complete set of genetic information; Correct

Cell theory

All life is composed of cells, and cells arise only from cells; Correct

Mendelian Inheritance

Traits are inehrited in accord with defined principles; Correct