Oral Communication Written Work 1 Reviewer: Communication

Communication

A two-way process of connecting with both living and non-living things by sharing and exchanging messages, information, ideas, and feelings to achieve mutual understanding.

The First Nature of Communication

It is a process.

The Second Nature of Communication

It occurs between two or more people.

The Third Nature of Communication

It can be expressed through written or spoken words, and actions.

Verbal Communication

It is the dynamic exchange of information using our voices, whether through a rich face-to-face conversation or a flexible discussion over the phone or video call.

Non-Verbal Communication

It is the way we understand people's feelings and thoughts through physical cues instead of words, such as their facial expressions, eye contact, hand movements, and posture.

Kinesics

The way of communication through body movements like gestures and posture.

Vocalics

The way of communication through non-word aspects of the voice, like the tone and pitch.

Personal Appearance

The way of communication through one's clothing, grooming, and body.

Physical Environment

The way of communication through the arrangement and use of surroundings.

Proxemics

The way of communication through the use of personal space and distance.

Haptics

The way of communication through touch.

Chronemics

The way of communication through the use of time.

Written Communication

It is the act of sharing information through written words, such as emails or reports, with the main goal of expressing ideas in a clear and concise manner that is easy for the reader to understand.

Visual Communication

It is the effective use of images, graphics, and other visual aids to persuade, entertain, inform, enlighten, or convey complex ideas more effectively to an observing audience of products, ideas, and messages.

Sender

The one who encodes an idea or information into an understandable message then transmits it.

Receiver

The one who receives a message or whom a message is directed to, and is responsible for receiving and decoding it do comprehend the information.

Message

The information a sender wants to relay to the receiver, including not only the content itself but also the subtext conveyed through tone of voice and body language.

Channel

The medium through which a message is transmitted, such as through cell phones for text messages, internet platforms, or face-to-face interactions.

Feedback

The response that indicates comprehension, which can be direct like a verbal or written reply, or indirect in the form of an action.

Noise

An interference from literal static to a cultural misunderstanding that disrupts a message.

Context

The physical, social, or cultural setting that shapes how a message is communicated and understood.

Communication Model

It is a visual and systematic representation of the communication process, illustrating its key components and potential barriers to help enhance the quality of interaction.

Linear Model

It is a simple, one-way process where a sender transmits a message to a passive receiver with no feedback.

Shannon-Weaver Model

It is one of the more popular linear models of communication as it illustrates an information source, a transmitter with a signal, a received signal, a receiver, and a destination. It includes the channel and noise source in the middle.

Interactive Model

It is a two-way process where participants alternate as sender and receiver exchanging messages and providing feedback to one another.

Schramm's Model

It is one of the more popular interactive models that uses a venn-diagram like structure with the field of experience. It involves a sender, encoder, a signal, a decoder, and receiver. It includes a noise going to the signal as well.

Transactional Model

It portrays participants as communicators who simultaneously send and receive messages, allowing them to constantly adapt to their actions to co-create meaning and relationships together.

Clarity

It defines the message as the ease to understand a message.

Conciseness

It defines the message as brief and straightforward.

Concreteness

It defines the message as specific.

Correctness

It defines the message as accurate as possible.

Consideration

It defines the message as something that contains empathy or sensitive to the receiver.

Completeness

It defines the message as having all the details necessary.

Courtesy

It defines the message as polite.

Communication Barriers

It is anything that hinders the flow of information between a sender and a receiver.

Physical Barriers

It is an environmental obstacle such as distance, background noise, or faulty equipment that interfere with the flow of communication. It distorts a message.

Psychological Barriers

It is an obstacle that occurs when mental and emotional states, such as stress, prejudice, or lack of attention hinder effective understanding between communicators. It can lead to ineffective communication and lead to misunderstandings and conflict.

Semantic Barriers

It is an obstacle that occurs when there is a difference in language, jargon, or ambiguous words that lead to a change in meaning or misunderstanding of messages.

Cultural Barriers

It is an obstacle that arises from differences in values, beliefs, traditions, and communication styles among people from diverse cultural backgrounds. A field of experience can be a cause of misinterpretation.

Technological Barriers

It is an obstacle that arises from insufficient or unreliable digital tools, poor internet connection, or a lack of technological literacy, which disrupts communication in modern contexts.

Physiological Barriers

It is an obstacle that occurs when the sender or receiver's physical state affects the communication process, such as problems with hearing, speech, vision, or overall health.

Cultural Communication

It refers to the way people within a specific culture communicates, shaped by shared norms, values, and behaviors.

Intercultural Communication

It refers to the process of exchanging messages between people from different cultural backgrounds, negotiating meaning despite differences.

Language Differences

It is a barrier in intercultural communication that occurs when there is a difference in spoken or written language, vocabulary, idioms, or accents that hinder understanding.

Nonverbal Misinterpretation

It is a barrier in intercultural communication that occurs when gestures, eye contact, posture, and facial expressions vary across cultures and can be misread.

Stereotypes

It is a barrier in intercultural communication that occurs when preconceived notions or generalized beliefs about a certain group can create biased interpretations of communication.

Ethnocentrism

It is a barrier in intercultural communication that occurs when believing that one's culture is superior than the others can prevent an understanding and appreciation of other cultures.

Cultural Norms

It is a barrier in intercultural communication that occurs when different cultural values and customs can create misunderstandings when people are unaware of or fail to respect them.

Functions of Communication

It regulates behavior, motivates action, expresses emotions, and shares information. It helps build relationships, express identity, influence others, and exchange meaning.

Control

It is a communication function that regulates and directs human behavior by setting rules, guidelines, or expectations.

Social Interaction

It is a communication function that fosters connections and maintains relationships among individuals and groups.

Motivation

It is a communication function that inspires individuals to act, persevere, and achieve goals.

Emotional Expression

It is a communication function that conveys personal feelings and emotions to others.

Information Dissemination

It is a communication function that transmits data, knowledge, and ideas to inform decision-making.