LS Final

Newton’s Principe

1687

Newton

1900s

Georges Lemaitre

1930

Warner Heinsberg

1920s

Antione Lavoisier

late 1700s

Biology

1500s & 1600s

Scientific Revolution

1600s & 1700s?

Benjamin Franklin

mid 1700s

HMS Beagle

1830

Albert Einstein

1905 special theory of relativity

Charles Darwin

Mid 1800s to present

Thomas Khun Scientific Kevolutions (yr)

1962

Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein

mid 1700s

Positivism

1930s

Relativity

1907 - 1916?

Newton (discovery)

Universal Gravitation

Khun

Scientific Revolution

Darwin (discovery)

Geological & Biological Evolution

Lemaitre

Primeval Atom

Heisenberg

Orbits of Electrons

Shelly (discovery)

Electromagnetic theory

Popper

Falsification approach

Ayer & Shillick

Lavoisier

Chemistry & Electricity

What book did Darwin read while on the HMS Beagle?

Principles of Geology

• Geological Evolution 1830

• Biological Evolution 1830-1920

How does this theory work?

• Inheritance

• Variation (of offspring)

• Struggle for existence

• Natural Selection (more fit form to survive)

“general theory” … gravity is not absolute

1915

Quantum theory (1920s)

1. material (stuff) of world … fundamentally (microscopically)

2. duality: particle & wave

3. indeterminism… probability

Quantum - 3 aspects of any theory

1. facts: empirical data

2. theory: laws of nature

3. Interpretation: meaning

Old Science:

• Paradigm e.g. geocentric

• Normal science - orderly puzzle solving, textbooks (indoctrination)

• Anomalies - data that does not fit paradigm e.g. telescope data

New Science

• Crisis

• Revolution - change disorderly… not clear what “rules” are

• Science - leads to new Paradigm

Newton Planetary Orbits

Using gravitational forces any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other particle with a force that is proportional.

Eistein planetary orbit

Using his general theory of relativity the planets will follow the shortest path through spacetime around the sun (bending of space-time)

Heisenberg planetary orbit

depends on whether & how you observe them (experiments)

What method reasoning is used to establish reasonable belief in Darwin's evolution?

Hypothetico-deductive

Logical Positivism

does not claim metaphysical statement as either true or false because it is neither if so it would make the statement meaningless.