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Weber & Fechner
Investigated the difference between the real world and the perceived world.
Gestalt
The idea that our perceptions hold more meaning than our sensations do on their own, where the sum of our sensations is greater than the individual parts.
Helmholtz
Examined how nerves worked, likened them to electricity, and demonstrated that actual impulses occur within nerves.
Structuralism
The school of thought that aimed to understand what makes up our consciousness.
Wilhelm Wundt
Recognized as the father of structuralism and psychology as a science; established the first psychology lab in 1879.
Functionalism
Focuses on how we use consciousness rather than what it is made up of.
William James
Champion of functionalism; taught the first course and wrote the first textbook in psychology.
Freud/Psychoanalysis
Shifted focus to the unconscious mind, asserting that unconscious drives influence behavior.
Behaviorism
A psychological approach that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes.
Humanism
The belief that all humans have the capacity for good.
Cognitive Psychology
Focuses on the mind and mental processes, studying perception, thought, memory, and learning.
Kurt Lewin
Theorized that to understand behavior, one must understand subjective experience.
Social Psychology
Examines how actual and imagined influences from others affect our thoughts and behaviors.
Biopsychosocial Model
A framework that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to understand psychological phenomena.
