molecular basis of inheritance

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144 Terms

1

a bacteriophage known as φ ×174 has

5386 nucleotide

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2

Bacteriophage lambda has

48502 bp

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3

Escherichia coli has

4.6 × 106 bp

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4

haploid content of human DNA

3.3 × 109 bp

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5

adenine

purine

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6

cytosine

pyrimidine

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7

guanine

purine

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8

thymine

pyrimidine

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9

uracil

pyrimidine

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10

A nitrogenous base is linked to the OH of ____ pentose sugar

1’C

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11

phosphate group is linked to OH of 5' C of a nucleoside through_____

phosphoester linkage

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12

The backbone of a polynucleotide chain is formed due to

sugar and phosphate

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13

isolation of DNA was done by

Friedrich Meischer

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14

The pitch of the helix of DNA is

3.4nm

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15

the distance between a bp in a helix is approximately

0.34nm

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16

which scientist gave the central dogma

Francis Crick

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17

The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a structure called

nucleosome

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18

typically nucleosome contains ___bp

200

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19

typically 2 nucleosome can have_____bp

400

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20

The packaging of chromatin at higher level requires additional set of proteins that collectively are referred to as

non histone chromosomal protein

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21

nucleosome = DNA+___

histone octamer

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22

densely stained part of chromatin

heterochromatin

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23

transcriptionally inactive

heterochromatin

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24

light stained chromatin part

euchromatin

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25

transcriptionally active

euchromatin

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26

in 1928 which scientist indirectly proved that the genetic material is sort of heat stable

Frederick Griffith

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27

in the experiment of transforming principle which organism was used

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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28

Frederick Griffith is associated with

transforming principle

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29

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty were associated with

biochemical nature of transforming principle

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30

alfred hershey and martha chase were associated with

unequivocal proof

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31

when the bacteriophage is grown in radioactive suplhur then on centrifugation the suphur is retained in

supernatant

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32

when the bacteriophage is grown in radioactive phosphorus then on centrifugation the phosphorus is retained in

bacteria

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33

generally bacteriophages have dsDNA exception to this is

QB bacteriophage

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34

ex of RNA viruses

QB bacteriophage and Tobacco Mosaic virus

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35

better for storage of genetic material

DNA

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36

better for transmission of genetic information

RNA

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37

who gave the initial idea of DNA replication

Watson and Crick

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38

Matthew Meselson and Franklin stahl are associated with

experimental proof of DNA replication

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39

organism used in the proof of semiconservative DNA replication

E.coli

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40

compound used as density gradient in the experiment to prove semiconservative DNA replication

Caseium chloride (CsCl)

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41

who used radioactive thymidine to prove the semiconservative DNA replication

Taylor and collegues

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42

the radioactive thymidine to detect new chromosome was performed on which plant

Vicia faba

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43

enzyme responsible for DNA replication

DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

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44

E.coli can replicate within

18 minutes

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45

E.coli can divide within

20 minutes

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46

during replication ______ in addition to acting as substrate also provide energy for polymerisation

deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate

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47

in replication _____ serves dual function

deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate

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48

replication of template strand from 3’-5’ is

continuous

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49

replication of template strand from 5’-3’ is

discontinuous

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50

the discontinuously formed fragments are joined by

DNA ligase

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51

A failure in cell division after DNA replication results into

polyploidy

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52

the process of transcription requires an enzyme

DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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53

during transcription 3’-5’ strand acts as

template strand

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54

during transcription 5’-3’ strand acts as

coding strand

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55

All the reference point while defining a transcription unit is made with

coding strand

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56

The promoter is said to be located towards_____ of structural gene

5’(upstream)

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57

The terminator is said to be located towards_____ of structural gene

3’(downstream)

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58

the DNA sequence coding for tRNA or rRNA molecule is called

gene

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59

sequences which appears in mature RNA

exons

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60

sequences do not appear in mature or processed RNA

introns

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61

regulatory genes

do not code for RNA or proteins

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62

which type of RNA provides template

mRNA

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63

which type of RNA brings amino acid

tRNA

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64

which type of RNA reads the genetic code

tRNA

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65

which type of RNA plays structural role

rRNA

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66

which type of RNA plays catalytic role

rRNA

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67

RNA polymerase uses_____ as substrate

nucleoside triphosphate

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68

RNA polymerase is only capable of catalysing the process of

elongation

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69

transcribes rRNA

RNA polymerase I

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70

transcribes 28S, 18S, 5.8S

RNA polymerase I

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71

transcribes precursor of mRNA

RNA polymerase II

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72

transcribes tRNA

RNA polymerase III

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73

transcribes 5srRNA

RNA polymerase III

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74

transcribes snRNA

RNA polymerase III

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75

unusual nucleotide (methyl guanosine triphosphate) this is

capping

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76

capping is done on which end

5’

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77

adenylate residues (200-300) added this is

tailing

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78

tailling is done on which end

3’

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79

The process of _______ requires transfer of genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides to synthesise a polymer of amino acid

translation

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80

who argued that since there are only 4 bases and if they have to code for
20 amino acids, the code should be made up of three nucleotides
a permutation combination of 43 (4 × 4 × 4) would generate 64 codon

George Gamow

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81

who was instrumental in synthesising RNA molecules with defined combinations
of bases (homopolymers and copolymers)

Har Gobind Khorana

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82

who’s cell-free system for protein synthesis finally helped the code to be deciphered

Marshal Nirenberg

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83

_______ was helpful in polymerising RNA with defined sequences in a template independent manner

Severo Ochoa enzyme

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84

Severo Ochoa enzyme aka

polynucleotide phosphorylase

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85

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon, hence the code is

degenerate

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86

UUU

phenylalanine

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87

AUG

methionine

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88

CCC

proline

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89

AAA

lysine

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90

GGG

glycine

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91

From the very beginning of the proposition of code, it was clear to _______ that there has to be a mechanism to read the code and also to link it to the amino acids, because amino acids have no structural specialities to read the code uniquely.

Francis Crick

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92

which scientist postulated the presence of tRNA

Francis Crick

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93

type of RNA which initiates the process of translation

initiator tRNA

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94

2o structure of tRNA

clover leaf

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95

actual structure of tRNA

inverted L

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96

1st step of translation is

aminoacylation of tRNA

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97

The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about _____different proteins

eighty

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98

when the _____ subunit of ribosome encounters the mRNA the process of translation begins

smaller

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99

the _____ subunit of ribosome continues the elongation of the amino acid chain

larger

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100

tRNA aka

solubleRNA

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