Matter in Our Surroundings

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the properties and behavior of matter as discussed in the lecture notes.

Matter

Material which makes up everything in the universe, including air, food, stones, stars, and more.

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms.

Volume

The amount of space that a substance occupies, often measured in cubic meters or liters.

Panch Tatva

The five basic elements defined by early Indian philosophers: air, earth, fire, sky, and water.

Particles of Matter

The small, individual entities that constitute matter and determine its properties.

Diffusion

The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own, often accelerated by heating.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, which increases with temperature in the context of particles.

Latent Heat of Fusion

The amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its melting point.

Latent Heat of Vaporization

The amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of liquid into gas at its boiling point.

States of Matter

The distinct forms in which matter can exist: solid, liquid, and gas.

Sublimation

The process of a solid changing directly to a gas without passing through a liquid state.

Deposition

The process of a gas changing directly to a solid without passing through a liquid state.

Compressibility

The ability of a substance to decrease in volume under pressure, greater in gases than in solids or liquids.

Evaporation

The process where liquid changes into vapor at a temperature below its boiling point.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, typically measured in kilograms per cubic meter.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

The theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of the motion of their particles.

Fluid

A substance that can flow and take the shape of its container, such as liquids and gases.

Compressibility of Gases

The characteristic of gases that makes them able to be squeezed into smaller volumes, due to the large spaces between particles.