MUS 106 UC Davis Final

The Supremes

Childhood friends, Detroit

Session work (back-up)

Headed by Diana Ross

Broad crossover appeal Copacabana, Ed Sullivan, etc First AA group allowed on Ed Sullivan show

String of five #1s in a row

Stop! In the Name of Love 1965 Billboard #1 Fashion, make-up, choreo Song is about cheating Refined lyrics and then "Stop" sign into backbeat snaps Refinement = restraint Chooses to be selective with talent

Music and performance and aesthetic is tight and organized

Drawing line to Carole King and Brill Building

Four Lanes (1964)

British Invasion

Dylan/Folk/Folk-rock

Surf Rock

Motown Billboard R&B charts suspended for 14 months

Berry Gordy Jr.

1959 Detroit Detroit houses on same block renovated for Motown Records

Extraordinary business man Shrewd, cutthroat Disputes with many songwriters and producers who felt they deserved more royalties

Moves to LA in 1971

Develops raw talent

Writers, producers, musicians, choreographers, designers - all in-house

Funk Brothers

Studio band for Motown, 1959-72

Played on more #1 hits than the Beatles, Elvis, Rolling Stones, and Beach Boys, .... Combined

Created arrangements on the fly - "head arrangements"

H-D-H Holland, Dozier, Holland Songwriter-producer team "Reach out I'll Be There" (1967) The Four Tops Unusual sounds, "conversation piece"

James Jamerson Greatest rock bassist? "Heard it Through the Grapevine" (Gladys Knight)

The Tempations

Formed in 1960

Three grew up in Birmingham

"My Girl" Written by Smoky Robinson Answer to "My Guy"

Motown's first Grammy winners (1969 for "Cloud Nine")

"Ain't too Proud to Beg"

Marvin Gaye

Early hits "How Sweet it is To Be Loved By You" "I heard it through the grapevine"

1971 concept album What's Going On Commentary on Vietnam, social strife Pivot with social issues of the late 60s through the lens of soul Outraged by police brutality towards Berkeley protestors

Killed by Father

Sam Cooke

Gospel: Soul Stirrers

"Loveable" (1956) Credited to Dale Cook Discovered because has distinct voice

"You Send Me" (1957)

Sam Cooke, Malcom X, Mohammed Ali discuss racism, segregation, Black Power

Founds SAR Records (1961) Exclusively AA artists and compete with big, white labels

"A Change is Gonna Come" 1964 Huge orchestral accompaniment Performed one time at the Tonight Show

Murdered in Hacienda Motel room under suspicious circumstances

Aretha Franklin

Preacher's Daughter, Memphis

"Gospel Caravan" Touring beginning at 14

Pursued by RCA and Motown, signed to Atlantic Jerry Wexler (Atlantic producer) Still an independent label focused in R&B, Jazz, Soul

"Respect" (1967). #1 Otis Redding wrote Becomes her signature song, feminist anthem Adds spelling out of respect

"Think" (1968)

Musical Attributes of Soul

Gospel: Simple harmony, call and response

R&B: Blues scale

Musical Features: Horns, Syncopation, Improvisation

Stax Records/Memphis

Soul!

Initially rockabilly

Converted movie theater

Other enterprises includes: record shop, Wattstax (1972) Wattstax = "black woodstock"

Partnership with Atlantic Helped with distribution Atlantic owns all masters and takes it when bought by Warner Bros

Otis Redding

Macon, Georgia

Gospel background

Stax Records, 1962

Monterey Pop, 1967

"Sittin' On The Dock of the Bay Wrote in Sausalito Recorded days before he dies in plane crash with members of the Bar-Kays, 1967

"Try a Little Tenderness" (1966) Rhythmic complexity 6 --> 4 --> Brazilian Clave

Booker T. and the MGs

Stax House band

"Head Arrangements" Improvisational, collaborative Parallel to Motown

Integrated - in Memphis

"Green Onions" (1962) R&B #1, Pop #3

FAME studios

Muscle Shoals, AL

Rick Hall Engineer/producer/owner Independent studio

Percy Sledge, Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, Etta James

Studio band: The Swampers They leave, open "Muscle Shoals Sound Studio"

Wilson Pickett

Atlantic Records Jerry Wexler

"In the Midnight Hour" (1965) At Stax

"Land of 1000 Dances" (1966) At FAME

"Hey Jude" (1968) With Duanne Allman

Famously temperamental

Trouble with house band and law

James Brown

"Hardest working man in show business"

"Godfather of soul"

Born in rural South Carolina, gospel background

R&B band includes big horn section

Dancing, energy, show!

Shift to Funk "Cold Sweat"

Concept Album

Unified theme (generally)

Beyond collection of really good songs - now rock is long form

Journey beginning to end

Music-for-dancing to music-for-listening

Somehow, it's a complete project

Pet Sounds

Brian Wilson conceives/produces after quitting tour

"Production concept album"

Using studio in innovative ways; production techniques Influences:

Phil Spector

The Beatles

Esquivel! : Worked with RCA to develop stereo imaging

"Good Vibrations"

From SMiLE sessions

Never completed as conceived Regarded as first psychedelic song

Released as a single Platinum, commercial viability

Smiley Smile (1967)

Brian Wilson Presents Smile (2004)

The Smile Sessions (2011)

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Year after they stop touring

Harrison goes to study with Ravi Shankar

Lennon meets Yoko Ono at the Indica Gallery

Fictional alter ego band

400 hours in studio, 700 hours in production

Mono and stereo mixes

No pauses ("un-banded")

"Strawberry Fields Forever" Released as single with "Penny Lane" 55 hours of recording

BBC Banned tracks I'd love to turn you on - drugs Henry the horse - heroin Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds - LSD

Monterey Pop Festival (1967)

Jazz Festival, Folk Festival already

1st rock festival

25,000 - 90,000 attend

Artists perform without fee

Diverse line-up:

Otis Redding

Ravi Shankar

Jimi Hendrix

The Who

Janis Joplin (Port Arthur to SF BBHC in 1966 Signed to Columbia)

D.A. Pennebaker films doc - 1968

Woodstock (1969)

August 1969

Rural, dairy farm in upstate NY

Even bigger line-up than Monterey For-profit venture

Expected attendance: 200,000 Closer to 400,000

Inadequate services Bad weather, traffic, facilities

No Beatles, Beach Boys, Rolling Stones Joe Cocker "With a Little Help from my Friends" cover

Eric Burdon and The Animals, "Paint It Black"

Bay Area (BBHC, Santana, GD, Jefferson Airplane

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Junior High friends from El Cerrito John and Tom Fogerty, Stu Cook, Doug Clifford

Southern Rock (but bay area)

Fantasy Records (1964), name change (1967)\

Focus on Singles

Bayou Country (1969) "Proud Mary" with "Born on the Bayou"

Jimi Hendrix

Born in Seattle, died London (27 club)

Troubled childhood/family life

Joins the Military, but leaves

1964 hired by Isley Brothers, Little Richard

1966, NYC then London

Refinement Foundation in Blues Songwriting skills developed from listening to Dylan (and others) Restraint!

Innovation Ridiculous virtuosity

"...he cut Clapton"

Showmanship Techniques unique to Hendrix

Uses feedback/noise as musical device

Studio techniques

Altamont Free Concert

Jefferson Airplane, Crosby, Stills, Nash& Young, Santana, Grateful Dead

Rolling Stones' way of thanking fans

Hell's Angels = security lol Compensated in beer

4 fans die One stabbed by a Hell's Angel

Documented by Gimme Shelter

December 1969

Led Zeppelin

Jimmy Page renames the YardBirds

Robert Plant, John Paul Jones, John Bonham

Hotel Destruction!!

Own plane, the Starship

Musical Traits - Heaviness, lightness, virtuosity, complexity

"Stairway to Heaven"

1971

By 1991, FM radio play = 44 years, nonstop

Controversy Backward masking reveals Satanism (C-section)

Spirit, "Taurus" - lawsuit settled in 2016 that exonerated Led Zeppelin

Case is in appeal in 9th circuit

History of Copyright infringement

Whole Lotta Love (Muddy Waters) Dazed and Confused (Jake Holmes) Babe I'm Gonna Leave You (Joan Baez) Lemon Song (Howlin' Wolf)

The Allman Brothers Band

Duane and Gregg Enamored with Wilson Pickett; worked with FAME (Duane) - Muscle Shoals Jacksonville, later Macon, GA

Integrated band in the deep south

"Southern Rock"?

Blues, jazz, country, extended improv

Double lead guitars and drum sets

"At Fillmore East" (Billboard #13)

Queen

Freddie Mercury, lead vocal

Vocal virtuosity

Victim of HIV/AIDS

"Bohemian Rhapsody" (1975)

3 weeks to record 180 overdubs

Mimics operatic structure

18 #1 albums/singles

David Bowie

"Glam/Glitter Rock"

Ziggy Stardust (1972)

Narrative about post-apocalyptic world that deprives people of what they really need

Doesn't explicitly state what is happening until a decade later

Heroes (1977)

Corporate Rock

Corporate investment in record industry

Frampton Comes Alive! (1976)

8 million copies sold in first year

Live songs, low production costs

Rumours Fleetwood Mac (1977)

Album-Oriented Rock Mid 70s

FM format AM is quite low, but radio stations get access to FM

Need more programming

Advertising needs listener

Way of filling out programming needs

Longer playlists that got deeper into Artists' work

Extramuscial, grand ideas vs corporate interest/influence

Rush

Toronto, formed 1968, completed 1974

Trio: bass/keyboard, guitar, drums

Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson and Neil Peart

Born from blues

First single: "Not Fade Away"

Lyrics: fantasy, sci fi, philosophy

"Progressive" rock Long-form Complexity

"YYZ" (1981) YYZ - airport code for Toronto Pearson International Morse code becomes rhythmic motive

"Tom Sawyer" (1981)

All in 7/4

Technically perfect drums

Punk Precursors

Velvet Underground

(Andy Warhol, Lou Reed

"Heroin" 1967

Doesn't idolize the drug

Aesthetic confrontation

Move needle into underbelly of lyrics in rock)

The Stooges

(Ann Arbor

Iggy Pop

Performative confrontation)

MC5 - Detroit

"Kick Out the Jams" 1969

Musical confrontation

Punk

Began mid-70s

USA: The Ramones and Patti Smith

UK: the Sex Pistols

Rebellion against Art rock, psychedelia, hippies Virtuosity

Aggressive Regression Simple harmonies, fast speed, short songs

Sex Pistols

Johnny Rotten, Sid Vicious

1975-79

1 studio album, 4 singles

"God Save the Queen" 1977

Signed by EMI, but dropped after bad interview 3 labels before making first record

Success was surprising

Sly and the Family Stone

SF

"psychedelic soul" Dance music Pop sensibility with funk and psychedelia

First integrated, multi-gender rock band

Woodstock, 1969 (peak of career)

Hippie values of equality and capacity to live with one another peacefully

Sly Stone falls into drug/alcohol abuse

Epic records, 1967

"Thank You" 1969

Pivot from psychedelic and funk to pop

Jackson 5

Funk-oriented dance music

'Bubblegum soul"

Clothes, dance, style - all Motown controlled

1970: 1st four singles hit #1

1975: Michael signs solo with Epic

Targets children Licenses toys, stickers, lunchboxes, etc

"I Want You Back" 1970

MJ

"King of Pop"

Merges image with musical talent

Producer: Quincy Jones

Polished, professional musician

Thriller ["Billie Jean" (introduces the moonwalk ) and "Beat It" (Eddie Van Halen guitar solo), "The Girl is Mine" duet with Paul McCartney 66 million copies in decade after release Finds way to reach every audience, 8 Grammys] One of the best-selling albums of all time

1993: Superbowl XXVII performance

From marching band to MEGA SHOW Stands on stage for 1 minute and 30 seconds

Prince

Minneapolis

Multi-Instrumentalist

Outspoken advocate for artists

39 studio albums 5 records he records all by himself including instruments

7 Grammys

Dirty Mind ["Sister" (incest) "Head"]

Controversy ["Controversy" All controversial topics + Lord's Prayer]

1999 Breakout record 1982 Party song? Height of Cold War/Apocalyptic

Warner Bros contract

1194-96 5 studio records

Appeared on stage with "Slave"

Signs with Arista, "Emancipation"

PMRC listed as top explicit songs

Pluralism

energetic engagement with diversity, transformation and change, "encounter of commitments"; IS THE UMBRELLA