Hybridization

sp hybridization - How many hybrid orbitals and what is the geometry of the orbitals?

2 hybrid orbitals

- linear

sp2 hybridization - How many hybrid orbitals and what is the geometry of the orbitals?

3 hybrid orbitals

- trigonal planar

sp3 hybridization - How many hybrid orbitals and what is the geometry of the orbitals?

4 hybrid orbitals

- tetrahedral

sp3d hybridization - How many hybrid orbitals and what is the geometry of the orbitals?

5 hybrid orbitals

- trigonal bipyramidal

sp3d2 hybridization - How many hybrid orbitals and what is the geometry of the orbitals?

6 hybrid orbitals

- square bipyramidal (octahedral)

What is a pi bond?

sideways overlap of p orbitals that occur in a double or triple bond

What is a sigma bond?

end-to-end overlap of hybrid orbitals

What is a double bond composed of?

one sigma bond + one pi bond

What is a triple bond composed of?

one sigma bond + two pi bonds

Hybridization when molecule has tetrahedral electron geometry

sp3

Hybridization when molecule has trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry

sp3d

Hybridization when molecule has octahedral electron geometry

sp3d2

Why does hybridization occur?

To provide the required number of orbitals, containing one electron for bonding and to produce molecule shapes that are known to exist.

What is hybridization?

The combination of at least two different types of orbitals (ex. s, p, d) to make new bonding orbitals with new shapes, geometries and energy levels.

When does hybridization occur?

When atoms bond.