PLUMBING ARITHMETIC 2

Trigonometry

the branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles.

Segment

A straight figure drawn between two endpoints.

Ray

Another straight figure that has an endpoint on one end, and then it just keeps going forever in some specified direction.

Line

a straight figure that goes forever and ever in either direction.

Acute

an angle with a positive measure less than 90 degrees

Obtuse

an angle measuring more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees

Right

an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees

Straight

An angle measuring exactly 180degrees a straight line

Oblique

an angle measuring more than 180 degrees

Degrees

Most common unit of angle

Mils

short for milliradian; old military measurement of angle used for artillery calculations.

Grads

alternative unit of degree not commonly used

Radian

measurement of angle equal to the length of an arc divided by the radius of the circle or arc

Equilateral

have 3 equal sides and 3 equal angles of 60 degrees

Isosceles

have 2 equal sides and 2 equal angles

Scalene

Have no equal sides and no equal angles

Right Triangle

1 of the angles is a right angle in right angled Triangles

Chord

segment connecting two points on a circle

Secant

a line intersecting a circle twice

tangent

A line intersecting a single point

Ellipse

Created by a plane intersecting a cone at the angle of its base. all ellipses have two foci or focal points.

Quadrilateral

A polygon having four sides, four angles and four vertices

Parallelogram

Opposite sides are parallel and equal

Rhombus

All sides equal, opposite sides are parallel

Square

All angels are 90 degrees. all sides are equal

Rectangle

All angles are 90 degrees and opposite sides are equal

Trapezium

one pair of parallel sides

Kite

has two equal angles and two pairs of adjacent equal length edges

Polygon

a plane figure that has a finite number of straight lines segments connected to form a closed polygonal chain

hendecagon

polygon with 11 sides

Triskaidecagon

a polygon with 13 sides

dodecagon

12 sided polygon

Tetradecagon

14 sided polygon

Enneadecagon

19 sided polygon

icosagon

20 sided polygon

Icosikaihenagon

21 sided polygon

triacontakaidigon

32 sided polygon

tetracontakaitrigon

43 sided polygon

octacontakaitrigon

83 sided polygon

dihectagon

200 sided polygon

dihectapentacontakaiheptagon

257 sided polygon

trihectaoctacontakaihexagon

386 sided polygon

Polyhedron

A three dimensional shape with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices.

Platonic Solid

Any of the five geometric solids whose faces are all identical, regular polygons meeting at the same three dimensional angles.

4

faces of tetrahedron

6

edges of tetrahedron

4

vertices of tetrahedron

6

faces of hexahedron or cube

12

Edges of hexahedron or cube

8

Vertices of hexahedron or cube

8

Faces of octahedron

12

Edges of octahedron

6

Vertices of octahedron

12

faces of dodecahedron

30

edges of dodecahedron

20

vertices of dodecahedron

20

Faces of icosahedron

30

Edges of icosahedron

12

Vertices of icosahedron

Frustum

a solid object obtained by cutting the apex of a cone or pyramid with a plane parallel to the base of a cone or pyramid.

Linear Equation

an algebraic equation where each term has an exponent of 1, and when graphed always results in a straight line.

y = mx + b

Slope Intercept Form

Slope

Rise over run

Quadratic Equation

an equation containing a single variable of a second degree

Circle

the set of points in a plane where the sum of whose distance from a fixed point is constant

Parabola

Locus of point which move so that it is always equidistant from a fixed point and from a fixed straight line

Ellipse

locus of point which moves so that the sum of the distances from two fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of major axis

Hyperbola

locus of point in plane so that the difference of its distance from two fixed points (foci) is constant

0

Eccentricity value of Circle

1

Eccentricity value of Parabola

Less Than 1

Eccentricity value of Ellipse

Greater than 1

Eccentricity value of hyperbola