What is cell theory?
Cells are the basic unit of organization of an organism
All living things are composed of cells
All cells come from other cells
Unicellular
An organism composed of one cell. Reproduces using cell division. Example: bacteria
multicellular
Organism composed of multiple cells. Example: animals, plants,fungi
Robert Hooke coined what term
Cork cells
Cell Division
A parent cell makes an identical cell often called a daughter cell
Cell Enlargement
Size increases slowly
Organisms
Any living thing
Cell
A building block of all organisms that carry out all life processes. (All organisms are composed of this)
Energy
The ability to do work. (All organisms obtain and use energy.)
How do organisms get energy
Either by absorbing solar energy (sunlight) or consuming other animals
Autotrophs
organisms that produce their own food
Heterotroph
organisms that cannot make their own food, but must gather it
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain a constant internal condition despite changing external conditions
Organisms must maintain consistent
temperatures, pH levels, solute concentrations, and other conditions
pH
Measures the strength of acids or bases
Solute
Amount of material dissolved in a solution
All organisms must be able to do what?
Grow by replicating and dividing their cells.
How can organisms reproduce?
sexually or asexually
Sexual reproduction
joining of the sperm and egg. resulting in increased genetic variation
Asexual reproduction
Produces offspring identical to parents
Organisms will respond to
The environment
Stimuli
Anything that causes a reaction/response
Response
Survive to the stimuli
Adaptation
Ability to adapt in various environments
Prokaryotes
unicellular organisms that lack membrane bound organelles. DNA is in Cytoplasm. OLDEST TYPE OF CELL (3.5 billion years) Example: only bacteria
Eukaryotes
Unicellular or multicellular cells. DNA is in nucleus. (1.5 billion years) Example: animals, plants, protests,fungi
Size/Cell Diameter
Prokaryotic: 1-10 micrometers
Eukaryotic: 10-100 micrometers
Number of cells
Prokaryotic: unicellular
Eukaryotic: uni/multicellular
Nucleus
Prokaryotic: None, DNA is in a circular chromosome in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: yes, DNA forms linear chromosomes in the nucleus
Cell membranes
Prokaryotic: yes
Eukaryotic: yes
Ribosomes
Prokaryotic: yes, small
Eukaryotic: yes, large
Cell wall
Prokaryotic: yes
Eukaryotic: yes -plants, fungi, NO -animals
Membrane-bound Organelles
Prokaryotic: No- ribosomes are NOT membrane bound and are free floating
Eukaryotic: yes
organells
small structures in the cell that carry out cellular functions
Ribosome
Organelle that produces proteins
Cytoplasm
Fluid inside the cell
micrometers per millimeter
1000