Accel Bio Unit 1 [2] (copy)

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What is cell theory?

1. Cells are the basic unit of organization of an organism

2. All living things are composed of cells

3. All cells come from other cells

Unicellular

An organism composed of one cell. Reproduces using cell division. Example: bacteria

multicellular

Organism composed of multiple cells. Example: animals, plants,fungi

Robert Hooke coined what term

Cork cells

Cell Division

A parent cell makes an identical cell often called a daughter cell

Cell Enlargement

Size increases slowly

Organisms

Any living thing

Cell

A building block of all organisms that carry out all life processes. (All organisms are composed of this)

Energy

The ability to do work. (All organisms obtain and use energy.)

How do organisms get energy

Either by absorbing solar energy (sunlight) or consuming other animals

Autotrophs

organisms that produce their own food

Heterotroph

organisms that cannot make their own food, but must gather it

Homeostasis

The ability to maintain a constant internal condition despite changing external conditions

Organisms must maintain consistent

temperatures, pH levels, solute concentrations, and other conditions

pH

Measures the strength of acids or bases

Solute

Amount of material dissolved in a solution

All organisms must be able to do what?

Grow by replicating and dividing their cells.

How can organisms reproduce?

sexually or asexually

Sexual reproduction

joining of the sperm and egg. resulting in increased genetic variation

Asexual reproduction

Produces offspring identical to parents

Organisms will respond to

The environment

Stimuli

Anything that causes a reaction/response

 Response

Survive to the stimuli

Adaptation

Ability to adapt in various environments

Prokaryotes

unicellular organisms that lack membrane bound organelles. DNA is in Cytoplasm. OLDEST TYPE OF CELL (3.5 billion years) Example: only bacteria

Eukaryotes

Unicellular or multicellular cells. DNA is in nucleus. (1.5 billion years) Example: animals, plants, protests,fungi

Size/Cell Diameter

Prokaryotic: 1-10 micrometers

Eukaryotic: 10-100 micrometers

Number of cells

Prokaryotic: unicellular

Eukaryotic: uni/multicellular

Nucleus

Prokaryotic: None, DNA is in a circular chromosome in the cytoplasm

Eukaryotic: yes, DNA forms linear chromosomes in the nucleus

Cell membranes

Prokaryotic: yes

Eukaryotic: yes

Ribosomes

Prokaryotic: yes, small

Eukaryotic: yes, large

Cell wall

Prokaryotic: yes

Eukaryotic: yes -plants, fungi, NO -animals

Membrane-bound Organelles

Prokaryotic: No- ribosomes are NOT membrane bound and are free floating

Eukaryotic: yes

organells

small structures in the cell that carry out cellular functions

Ribosome

Organelle that produces proteins

Cytoplasm

Fluid inside the cell

micrometers per millimeter

1000